Презентация по английскому языку по теме English Painting. William Hoggart (10 - 11 класс)

William Hogarth 10 November 1697 – 26 October 1764 Marriage à-la-mode 1743–1745

Self-Portrait by Hogarth, ca. 1735,Yale Center for British Art. William Hogarth will be remembered as the father of satirical caricatures and moral paintings, a genre which would later develop into cartoons. His determination and stout middle-class values made him one of the most innovative artists of his generation and he brought art to the common man for the first time in history. Hogarth gained popularity for his morality paintings and the prints that were made from them though he also produced work in a variety of other genres including portraiture and biblical/historical pieces.

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The artist was heavily influenced by 18th century life, culture and his middle-class upbringing. He believed that art should have moral as well as aesthetic qualities and tried to bring this into all the work he produced. Having lived in debtors lodging for five years as a very young boy, Hogarth had seen the harder side of life and brought a sense of gritty realism to all his paintings. What he believed to be the deterioration of British morals particularly concerned him and his satirical engravings illustrate his concerns for his fellow countrymen. As Hogarth became a prominent figure in the London art scene he was influenced by a number of things. These included politics, art, literature and the theatre.

In Marriage à-la-mode, Hogarth challenges the ideal view that the rich live virtuous lives and gives heavy satire to the notion of arranged marriages. In each piece, he shows the young couple and their acquaintances and family at their worst: having affairs, drinking, gambling, fornicating and engaging in numerous other vices and sins. In the first of the series, he shows an arranged marriage between the son of bankrupt Earl Squanderfield and the daughter of a wealthy but miserly city merchant.

This is Scene 1 of the series of six, entitled The Marriage Settlement. The series thus begins with the proud Earl pointing to his family tree rooted in William the Conqueror, he rests his gouty foot - a sign of degeneracy - on a footstool decorated with his coronet. Behind him is a lavish building in the new classical style, unfinished for lack of money, a creditor is thrusting bills at him. But on the table in front of him is a pile of gold - the brides dowry just handed him by the bespectacled alderman, who holds the marriage contract. Silvertongue, an ingratiating lawyer, whispers in the ear of the aldermans daughter listlessly twirling her wedding ring on a handkerchief. Turning away from her to take snuff and admire himself in the glass - and, in the engraving, to lead our eye into the next tableau - is the foppish bridegroom. At his feet, symbolic of the couples plight, are a dog and a bitch chained to each other. From the walls horrid Italian Old Master martyrdoms presage tragedy, and a Gorgons head screams from an oval frame above the pair.

The Tête à Tête Leading extravagant, vitiated lives, the husband and wife have become completely alienated from each other. It is 1:20 A.M., they sit apart after a night of independent entertainments. Enervated and listless, the husband slumps back on a chair gazing dejectedly at the floor, unaware of his wifes presence. A dog pulls his mistress cap from his pocket, before him lies his sword broken in a fight. His wife, stretching gracelessly, vainly attempts to win her husbands attention by her glance and outstretched foot. Her entertainment, much more innocent and middle-class than his aristocratic debauchery, has been to remain at home and entertain guests at cards. Hoyle on Whist lies at her feet. Above his head hangs a clock ornamented with the comically incongruous images of a cat, a fish and a Buddha.

The mantle is cluttered with tasteless, grotesque little statues, a Roman bust with a broken nose stands in the center. In a picture above the mantle, Cupid plays the bagpipes, his bow lies broken beside him. The young nobleman has his fathers problems with money. His despairing Methodist steward (he carries a copy of Regeneration in his pocket) leaves with a sheaf of bills in one hand and a single one marked Redd. June 4, 1744 in the other. In a second room, every bit as disordered as the first, a sleepy, carelessly dressed servant leans against a chair. The room is decorated with a row of mirrors, and a picture so obscene that it is covered is juxtaposed with portraits of Saints Matthew, John and Andrew. The candle stubs indicate the card party has been an all-night affair. One of the candles sets fire to a chair.

The young couples depravity has increased and their idle, pleasure-seeking lives are now is so unconnected. “The Inspection” shows the husband attending to one of the consequences of his debauchery. He has come to a quack whose house is a gallery of grotesque objects, many of them images of death. In a glass case behind the young nobleman a human skeleton makes sexual advances to a preserved cadaver. A wig block stands beside them. The horn of a narwhal projects from the side of the case, the horn and the shaving dish between the pillboxes and the urinal warn that this quack was trained as a barber. The rest of the items hint at the practice of a science more ominous and occult than medicine, they include: a femur, a human head with a pill in its mouth, a tripod shaped like a gallows, a bone, a hat, shoes, a spur, a chained crocodile, a sword and shield, a bug and a picture of a child. Above these hangs a stuffed crocodile with an ostrichs egg attached to its belly.

Through the door the quacks laboratory is visible. In the left foreground stand two threatening machines used for oddly divergent purposes: An explanation of two superb machines, one for setting shoulders, the other for pulling corks, invented by Mr. Pill, seen and approved by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris. On the right side of the room stands a cupboard full of labeled jars and drawers. A ferocious wolfs head seems to warn of their contents and of their owners voraciousness. Beside the chest stand two mummies and two pictures of abnormal human beings.

Squanderfield, half-threateningly and half-cajolingly, complains about the efficacy of the doctors pills. The bowlegged quack, standing beside a memento mori, defends himself. The pathetic, tearful child standing between the noblemans legs seems to be the victim of his decadent appetite for girl-children, his interest in normal sexual relationships having been exhausted. The relationships between the nobleman, his child-mistress and the commanding, fierce-eyed woman who opens the clasp knife is unclear. The wild-eyed woman may be his second mistress, prompted to violence by the disease acquired from the man or by jealousy of the younger girl, she may be the girls mother or procurer about to revenge her pollution of defend some aspect of her business reputation.

The Toilette Having cast off her middle class awkwardness and inhibition, the Countess imitates the life style of the aristocracy (the coronets about the room indicate that the old Earl is dead). In contrast to her husbands bizarre passion for young girls, the Countesss middle-class origins reveal themselves in here interest in an ordinary love affair. Wearing jewelry on her hair and fingers and dressed in a low-cut gown, she sits at her levee with her back to her guests, oblivious to the music, attentive only to the addresses of Silvertongue. A childs rattle on her chair reveals that she has a baby which she has the servants care for. Looking very much at home, Silvertongue lolls on the couch beside her, leaning intimately toward her. he points out the screen behind him and, as he explicates the masquerade scene on it, arranges an assignation for the night.

The paper in his hand reading 1st Door, 2d Door, 3d Door is a key to the screen. Beside him lies Sopha, a venereal novel by Crébillon. The art in the room comments on the ladys preoccupation. Above her are pictures of Lots daughters preparing to seduce their father and Jupiter possessing Io. On the opposite wall hang a version of the rape of Ganymede and a portrait of Silvertongue himself. Before them a black boy plays with a group of tasteless art objects purchased by the lady at an auction. A book beside them reads A Catalogue of the Entire Collection of the Late Sir Timy Babyhouse to be Sold by Auction. The lot includes a tray inscribed with an erotic version of Leda and the swan by Julio Romano and a statuette of Actaeon, the boy points to Actaeons horns to interpret the import of the conversation behind him. A black servant laughs at the scene.

Lying on the floor across from the youth are playing cards and correspondence, both indicative of the Countesss social life. Lady Squanders Company is desird at Miss Hairbrains Rout, Lady Squanders Com is desird at Lady Heathans Drum Major on next Sunday, Count Basset begs to no how Lade Squander Sleapt last nite. The spelling on these notes is a judgment upon their authors literacy. Most of the group sit around in strained, affected poses. The center of focus is a bloated castrato (probably Francesco Bernardi, and Italian singer who lived in England for a while.) Overdressed in gold lace and tastelessly bedecked with jewels, the vain fellow sits haughtily back in his chair, unaware that only two in the whole group listen to him. Next to the singer sits a man with his hair in papers, bored but formally attentive. Beside him a fellow gestures preciously and screws his face up in feigned appreciation. A man with a riding whip snores while his wife strains forward in the direction of the castrato.

The Bagnio Hearing of the lawyers and Countesss assignation, the young Earl has come to their dreary meeting place, challenged the councilor to a duel and died in the defense of a virute which he neither honored nor valued in a woman he did not love. From a masquerade, the couple have gone to the Turks Head bagnio (a paper with a Turks head and the words The Bagnio lies by the womans underwear).

Undressing hastily, they have gone to bed but have been suprised before the end of the night. In the ensuing fight, the Earl is killed and, as the horrified landlord and watch enter, the lawyer flees in his shirt, abandoning his mistress to the police and her dying spouse. She kneels in tears to beg his forgiveness. The eerie lighting from the fire, the shadows from the tongs and the sword, the scattered undergarments and the grinning masks (prophetic death masks) give a grotesque atmosphere to the scene. The tapestry on the main wall depicts in a caricatured manner the judgment of Solomon. The portrait of the prostitute with a squirrel in her hand is satirized by the appearance of a soldiers legs beneath it. Above the door St. Luke, patron of artists, seems to record the scene in amazement.

The Ladys Death Her husband killed and her lover hanged, the Countess, returned to her fathers house, is driven to suicide by the tragic consequences of the foolish and ill-fated venture perpetrated on her. Plainly dressed, she expires on a chair as an ineffectual physician scurries away. On the floor lies a bottle of Laudanum, next to it  the precipitating cause of her suicide, Counseller Silvertongue last Dying Speech. As her impassive, mercenary father dispassionately removes the ring from her finger, a withered old nurse holds her daughter for a dying kiss. The crippled girl has inherited both her fathers veneral disease and his beauty spot, since the young Earl has no male child, his family line has ended. The apothecary, who has a stomach pump and a julep bottle in his pocket, points to the empty laudenum bottle, and berates the servant who looks at it uncomprehendingly. The fellow, who wears his masters ill-fitting coat buttoned askew, is an idiot hired cheaply by the alderman.

The house reflects the aldermans miserly life style, which has supported his costly and tragic manipulation of his daughters life. A dark apartment with bare floors and cobwebbed window with broken panes, is located near London Bridge, which at that time had house built across it. On the wall hangs the alderman robe, a clock with its figures reversed (it should be 1:56 P.M.) and an Almanack. Three Dutch paintings (really satires of Dutch realism) decorate the walls, the first (unframed) depicts a man urinating, the second is a still-life crowded with low objects (an arbitrary collection of kitchen utensils, jugs and food), the third shows a drunkard lighting his pipe from the swollen nose of a companion. In the aldermans cabinet stands a single liquor bottle, some pipes and a library of five books, four are financial records: the Day Boo, Ledge, Rent Book and Compound Interest. The hall is lined with fire buckets. From the meager fare on the table, a skeleton-like dog steals a lean pigs head.