Vitamins. The Compound and complex sentences – Дәрумендер. Салалас құрмалас және сабақтас құрмалас сөйлем

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. An independent clause contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. During the game, Jasmine scored 23 points, had 6 assists, 8 rebounds, and 2 blocked shots. Tim is a really good pitcher and hitter.

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They have two complete sentences that can stand on their own as two independent clauses The key is to find one of the FANBOYS with a comma before it and a complete sentence on both sides of the FANBOYS. It may also be identified by having a semi-colon without FANBOYS joining the two sentences.

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. Using a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, etc.) creates a dependent clause. Using a relative pronoun (who, whom, that, or which) creates a dependent clause. I would really love my English class if we didn’t have to do so much writing.

Here are some examples My dog is small. I live in Stonham Aspal. Simple sentences have 1 clause. Most simple sentences have a subject and a predicate. E.g. My dog is small. Subject = dog Predicate = It is small.

A compound sentence is usually made from 2 or more simple sentences (or clauses) that are joined with a connective. My dog is not popular with the neighbours. It scares the postman away. My dog is not popular with the neighbours it scares the postman away. because

Because But When Therefore And Although After While Since Until Where

use the same connective over and over again

A complex sentence is similar to a compound sentence, however when you take away the connective one of the clauses does not make sense. E.g. The dinner was burned because she had forgotten it. Clause 1 Connective Clause 2 Clause 2 does not make sense on its own, without clause 1 = complex sentence.

1. Their practice field is a stretch of asphalt, and their heroes make a living driving cars. 2. The training rooms of these college athletes smell of grease and gasoline. 3. Their tools are screwdrivers and spanners rather than basketballs and footballs. 4. This new brand of college athlete is involved in the sport of auto racing. 5. Although the sport is new, it has already attracted six collegiate teams in the Southeast. 6. The students work on special cars designed for their sport.

Exercise 3. Combine the following simple sentences to create a compound sentence. 1.It rained for three days. The streets in my neighborhood flooded. It rained for three days, so the streets in my neighborhood flooded. 2.I got to ball practice late. I forgot to set my alarm. 3.Kyle completed his homework. He put it in his binder. 4.Luke mowed the lawn. He earned ten dollars. 5.I stayed up late last night. I am tired today. 6.Neil doesnt like seafood. He doesnt like cabbage. 7.My pencil was broken. I borrowed one from Jake. 8.I like apples. I like pears more.

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences and determine whether they are compound or complex. 1. Jason decided to stay up late because he had a lot of homework to do. 2.If you hurry, we might get to school on time. 3.Although Monica had a cold, she went to school because she had a test. 4.While washing the car, Todd slipped on the soap and he fell. 5.Dad takes the train to work even though he has a car. 6.Molly baked brownies since she had nothing else to do. 7. Frank had a good sense of humor, so he laughed a lot.

Vitamins are micronutrients Very small amounts are needed by the body (>,1 gm) Very small amounts are contained in foods. Vitamins are essential. The roles they play in the body are very important. Most vitamins are obtained from the foods we eat. Some are made by bacteria in the intestine There is no perfect food that contains all the vitamins in the right amount. Vitamins are non-energy producing They do not contain kcalories. Vitamins are classified according to how soluble they are in fat or water.

A, D, E, K

found in fats and oils require bile for absorption enter the lymph, then the blood held and stored in fatty tissues Needed in small amounts may reach toxic levels not readily excreted

3 forms in the body retinol retinal retinoic acid collectively known as retinoids Retinol, the alcohol form Retinal, the aldehyde form Retinoic acid, the acid form Beta-carotene, a precursor Cleavage at this point can yield two molecules of vitamin A*

precursor: beta-carotene derived from plant foods can split and form retinol in intestine and liver

vision maintain epithelial tissue and skin support reproduction and growth Immune system Bone development

deficiency infectious disease pneumonia, measles, diarrhea keratinization dry, rough, scaly skin night blindness

Vitamin A Sources Beta-carotene Dark leafy green vegetables, spinach, broccoli Deep orange veggies Carrots, pumpkin, squash, sweet potato Deep orange fruits Apricots, cantaloupe

Retinol Fortified milk, butter cheese, cream Fortified margarine Eggs Liver

body can make from sunlight precursor made from cholesterol production occurs in liver and kidney diseases can affect activation

part of the bone-making/maintenance team maintains blood concentrations of Ca & P Mineralization of bones raises blood calcium and phosphorus by increasing absorption from digestive tract withdrawing calcium from bones stimulating retention by kidneys deficiencies ultimately creates a calcium deficiency rickets, osteomalacia

VITAMIN D sources fortified food: milk, margarine, cereals, beef, eggs sun storage from the summer does not last the winter

antioxidant defender against free radicals polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of heart disease deficiencies rare erythrocyte hemolysis

widespread in food easily destroyed by heat processing

aids in blood clotting and bone mineralization deficiency causes hemorrhagic disease sources made by bacteria in GI tract absorbed and stored in liver

liver is also high in vitamin K

B complex , c

The B-complex vitamins are often associated with giving a person more energy. This is due to the fact that these vitamins each play different roles with energy metabolism in the body. When they are present in the body, they allow energy to be used more readily by the body. Since these vitamins are water soluble, they are not stored in the body like fat soluble vitamins. They dissolve in water and are excreted from the body in urine. Therefore, it is important to consume foods rich in these vitamins each day in order to fulfill the body’s need.

Co-enzymes (activate enzymes) Found in the same foods Single deficiency rare Act together in metabolism Metabolic pathways used by protein, carbohydrate, and fat

Thiamin (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pantothenic Acid Biotin Pyridoxine (B6) Folate Vitamin B-12

Energy metabolism Thiamin (B-1), Riboflavin (B-2), Niacin (B-3), Pyridoxine (B-6), Biotin, Pantothenic Acid Red blood cell synthesis Folate, B12 Homocysteine metabolism Folate, B12, B6

Synthesized by most animals (not by humans) Decrease absorption with high intakes Excess excreted

Reducing agent (antioxidant) Iron absorption (enhances) Synthesis of collagen Immune functions Does not prevent colds, but may reduce duration of symptoms by a day Wound healing

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency leads to scurvy, a disease characterized by weakness, small hemorrhages throughout the body that cause gums and skin to bleed, and loosening of the teeth. Sailors that were out at sea for months on end would often develop scurvy unless the captain had the foresight to pack limes and other citrus fruits.

Scurvy Deficient diet for 20-40 days Fatigue, pinpoint hemorrhages Bleeding gums and joints. Hemorrhages Associated with poverty, macrobiotic diet

Citrus fruit Potato Green pepper Cauliflower Broccoli Strawberry Romaine lettuce Spinach Easily lost through cooking Sensitive to heat Sensitive to iron, copper, oxygen