Nervous system. The Past Indefinite Tense - Жүйке жүйесінің қызметі. Жалпы өткен шақ.

Nervous system The Indefinite Past Tense

The Nervous System (NS)

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Functional Areas

Divisions of the Nervous System

Introduction 1. Distinguishing between the two major types of cells that make up the NS i. Neuron ii. Neurolgia 2. Name and describe the two major groups of NS organs. i. Central Nervous System (CNS) ii. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Introduction Continued: The nervous system is the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system of the body. It is the center for all mental activity. It works closely with the endocrine system, and aids in maintaining homeostasis.

Structure of the Neuron Each neuron has a cell body (soma) One or more dendrites, and a single axon Dendrites and axons are cytoplasmic extensions, or processes, that project from the cell body. They are sometimes referred to as fibers.

Neuron Anatomy Axonal terminal Nerve ending Synaptic boutons Synaptic knobs

The Structure of the Simple Past Tense

Usages: We use Past Indefinite Tense to describe definite events in the past. We use Past Indefinite Tense for habitual actions in the past. Past Indefinite шағы өткен уақытта орындалған іс-әрекетті білдіреді.

ten days ago last summer yesterday a week ago the day before yesterday last year a month ago 10 күн бұрын бүрсүгіні өткен жылы апта бұрын өткен жазда кеше осыдан бір ай бұрын

Regular Verbs To play To listen To ask To miss To call To try Played Listened Asked Missed Called tried Played Listened Asked Missed Called Tried Verb V1 Simple Past V2 Past Participle V3

Irregular verb Verb V1 Simple Past V2 Past Participle V3 To write To speak To give To begin To break To do To go To make Wrote Spoke Gave Began Broke Did Went Made Written Spoken Given Begun Broken Done Gone Made

Irregular forms Some examples Be Do Have Write Speak Go Give was did had wrote spoke went gave Base form Past, 2.form

Examples for Irregular I went to the cinema. You was an infant. He did his homework. She had a headache. It went wrong. We gave you money. They wrote a letter. My aunt spoke to me.

Regular verbs V → V- ed [t] Watched Walked Talked Finished Looked [id] Skated Wanted Collected Painted Needed [d] Played Learned Tried Cried Smiled Studied

I have a dog. You go to the yard. We come in time. They read a text. He gets up early. She speaks English. It is sunny. I had a dog. You went to the yard. We came in time. They read a text. He got up early. She spoke English. It was sunny. EVERY DAY YESTERDAY

Subject+verb+(past form)+object

Negative forms for Regular and Irregular I You He She It We You They Did not (didn’t) work read go speak say tell have come

Negative examples did not (didn’t) I did not have a computer. You did not work last night. He did not go to the pool. She did not cook. It did not read the file. We did not see you yesterday. They did not give us the book.

I give you a chance? you miss your mum? he speak English? she write a novel? it come here? we get to the address? they see you? positive Did

I give you a chance? you miss your mum? he speak English? she write a novel? it come here? we get to the address? they see you? Did

Regular Verbs

We add –ed at the end of the verbs: work worked walk walked play played

We add –d if a verb ends in –e: like liked love loved smile smiled

If a verb ends in a consonant+y we drop –y and add –ied try tried cry cried carry carried study studied

Examples

They deserved the cup.

They made a line.

He fell in love.

I locked the door.

My friend had a birthday party.

Last year I graduated from the university.

He worked last summer

Last week it rained cats and dogs.

Exercises

………..you find my book? No, I ……………find your book? Did they ……………to you? Yes, they ………….to me. ………..he give the dictionary? We ……….here yesterday. She …………….me last week. You ……... me letter two years ago

I You We They He She It YESTERDAY.

I You We They He She It didn’t YESTERDAY.

I you we they he she it YESTERDAY? Did

Fill in the blanks with the past tense form of the following verbs.

Tom …….(watch) TV last night.

The game ……(start) ten minutes ago.

The plane …….(arrive) at 9:15 a.m.

The mechanic …….(fix) the car yesterday.

I ……(visit) my aunt last Sunday.

The baby…..(cry) because he was hungry.

He …..(buy) a new car yesterday.

Marry …..(write) a letter two hours ago.

He ……(drink) a lot of water because he was thirsty.

The boy ……(eat) sandwiches for lunch.

Grandma ……(tell) me a very interesting story last night.

We …..(have) dinner at this restaurant six years ago.

…….he ……(get up) early yesterday?

They …….(not have) breakfast yesterday.

[t] [d] [id] watched played skated walked learned wanted talked tried collected finished cried painted looked smiled needed

The End