Химия Билингвальный урок Презентация

Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry The study of: the composition (make-up) of matter the changes that matter undergoes

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What is matter? Anything that: has mass and occupies space (volume).

Mass vs Weight Mass: a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. (SI unit kilogram, kg) Weight: The force with which the earth pulls on an object. (SI unit Newton, N)

The 5 Branches of Chemistry Inorganic Organic Analytical Physical Biochemistry

Inorganic Chemistry The study of chemicals that do not contain carbon.

Organic Chemistry The study of chemicals that contain carbon. Origin: study of chemicals in living organisms.

Analytical Chemistry Composition of matter. http://besg.group.shef.ac.uk/Facilities/Images/gcms.JPG Ex: Mass Spectrometer Gas Chromatograph

Physical Chemistry The study of : The mechanism The rate The energy transfer that happens when matter undergoes change.

Biochemistry Study of processes that take place in organisms.

Democritus (Greece, 4th Century BC) First atomic theory Atom (indivisible).

Alchemists (~300BC-1650 AD) China, India, Arabia, Europe, Egypt Aiming to: Change common metals to gold. Develop medicines. Developed lab equipment. Mystical.

Explained burning as reaction with oxygen. Old theory: release of “phlogiston”. Antoine Lavoisier (cont’d)

Dmitri Mendeléev (Russia, 1834-1907) First Periodic Table of elements.