SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1.In recent years, scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of entire Universe as a whole.

2.Today, science and technology are closely related. Many modern technologies such as nuclear power and space flights depend on science and the application of scientific knowledge and principles. Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things to be used in daily life. In turn, technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.

3.Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires, to alter the environment, to improve their lives. Throughout human history, men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques, to make their lives easier.

4.Of course, when we speak of technology today, we are looking at it in a much narrower sense. Generally, we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines, growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society. Today we often say that we live in an age of science and technology. According to one estimate, 90 % of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s. This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.

5.The scientific revolution that began in the 16th century was the first time that science and technology began to work together. Thus, Galileo, who made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics, also built an improved telescope and patented a system of lifting water. However, it was not until the 19th century that technology truly was based on science and inventors began to build on the work of scientists. For example, Thomas Edison built on the early experiments of Faraday and Henry in his invention of the first practical system of electrical lighting. So too, Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory. This was the first true modern technological research.

6.In a sense, the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.

1. Прочитайте следующие утверждения и определите, являются ли они согласно тексту верными (T), неверными (F)

1. Science and technology are not related at all.

2. The application of the latest achievements in industry demands great knowledge and good polytechnical training.

3. The scientific revolution began in the 16^th century.

4. Galileo made revolutionary discoveries in astronomy and physics.

5. Faraday found the filament for the electric bulb.

2. Ответить на вопросы.

1)Why do many modern technologies depend on science?

а) science and technology are closely related.

b) the application of scientific knowledge and principles.

c) Each advance in pure science creates new opportunities for the development of new ways of making things.

2)What is a technology in a narrow sense?

a) Technology refers to the ways in which people use discoveries to satisfy needs and desires

b) we mean industrial technology, or the technology that began about 200 years ago with the development of power-driven machines

c) growth of the factory system, and mass production of goods that has created the basis for our modern society.

3)Why do we say that we live in the age of science and technology?

a) the history of science and technology is the history of all humankind.

b) This increased scientific activity has brought new ideas, processes, and inventions in ever-growing amount.

c) According to one estimate, 90 % of all the scientists who ever lived, were alive and active in the 1970-s.

4) What does technology provide science?

a) accurate instruments

b) opportunities

c) research

3. Восстановите предложения согласно логике текста.

1. The history of science and technology is the history of all mankind.

2. Today science and technology are closely related.

3. Scientific and technological developments have changed life on our planet.

4. Throughout human history men and women have invented tools, machines, materials and techniques to make their lives easier.

5. 90 % of all the scientists lived and worked in the 1970-s.

4. Соедините подходящие по смыслу части предложения

1970s.

2. The history of science and technology…

2. until he found the filament

for the electric bulb.

3. 90% of all the scientists…

3. with new instruments for its

investigation and research.

4. Edison carried on his investigations…

4. on science and the applica-

tion of scientific knowledge.

5. Technology provides science…

e) is the history of all mankind.

5. Определить лексическое значение слов:

1.To provide a)развивать

b)снабжать

c)исследовать

2. According to a) близко

b) тесно

c) согласно

3. Nuclear a) ядерный

b) точный

c) научный

6. Определить видо-временную форму следующих предложений:

1. Scientific and technological developments have drastically changed life on our planet.

a)Present Simple Active Voice

b)Present Perfect Active Voice

c) Present Perfect Passive Voice

2. Science and technology are closely related.

a) Present Simple Passive Voice

b) Present Simple Active Voice

c) Past Simple Active Voice

3. Technology provides science with new and more accurate instruments for its investigation and research.

a) Present Simple Active Voice

b) Present Simple Passive Voice

c) Present Continuous Active Voice

4. We are looking at it in a much narrower sense.

a) Present Continuous Passive Voice

b) Present Simple Active Voice

c) Present Continuous Active Voice

</ 5. Edison carried on his investigations until he found the carbon filament for the electric bulb in a research laboratory

a) Past Simple Passive Voice

b) Past Continuous Active Voice

c) Past Simple Active Voice