Комплект упражнений по теме Complex Subject

Конструкция сложное подлежащее (субъектный инфинитивный оборот, Complex Subject, The Subjective Infinitive Construction, The Nominative-with-the-Infinitive Construction) представляет собой сочетаниесуществительного в общем падеже или личного местоимения в именительном падеже, выполняющего в предложении функцию подлежащего, с инфинитивом. Эта конструкция строится по следующей схеме:

существительное в общем или местоимение в именительном падеже)

СКАЗУЕМОЕ

(обычно глагол

в страдательном залоге)

ИНФИНИТИВ

He

Он,

is known

как известно,

to go to work to Siberia.

поедет работать в Сибирь.

Особенность этой конструкции в том, что она не выступает как единый член предложения: именная часть конструкции является в то же время подлежащим предложения, а инфинитив представляет собой часть составного глагольного сказуемого.СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КОНСТРУКЦИИ «СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ»

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п/п

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

ПРИМЕР

1

Осведомленность, знание, утверждение:

с глаголами чувственного восприятия:

to hear слышать, to see видеть, to watchнаблюдать, смотреть, to feel чувствовать, to observe наблюдать, to notice замечать и др. в страдательном залоге. В данной конструкции, после этих глаголов инфинитив употребляется счастицей to

Bob was heard to laugh heartily.

Было слышно, как Боб смеялся от всего сердца.

2

1. Предположение: to expect (ожидать), tosuppose (предполагать), to believe (верить), to consider (считать, полагать), to ask (спрашивать).

С глаголами, обозначающими умственную деятельность:

to know знать, to think думать, to consider, to believe, to suppose думать, полагать, to expectожидать, to imagine представлять, to findнаходить, узнавать, to trust верить, to assumeдопускать, предполагать и др. встрадательном залоге. После этих глаголов</<font color="#321f08"> в составе конструкции часто используется глаголto be

Philip was known to be a young man without money.

Знали, что Филипп был молодым человеком без денег.

3

С глаголом to make заставлять (встрадательном залоге).

Little Bob was made to put on some warm clothes.

Маленького Боба заставили надеть теплую одежду.

4

С глаголами в значении сообщения:

to say говорить, to report сообщать, to stateутверждать в страдательном залоге.

He is said to have gone to work to Siberia.

Говорят, что он уехал работать в Сибирь.

5

В действительном залоге с глаголами:

to seem казаться (по-видимому), to happenслучаться (случается, случалось), to proveдоказывать (оказывается, оказалось), to be likely вероятно, to be unlikely вряд ли, to be sure, to be certain быть уверенным (наверняка),to turn out оказываться (оказалось) и т. п.

They are unlikely to come in time.

Они вряд ли придут вовремя.

The work proved to be useful.

Работа оказалась полезной (= Работа, как оказалось, была полезной).

They seemed to have forgotten him.

Они, казалось, забыли его.

1. Также Complex Subject в английском языке используется после таких словосочетаний, как to be likely (вероятно),to be unlikely (маловероятно), to be certain (несомненно), to be sure (обязательно).

She is likely to succeed. - Вероятно, ее ждет успех.

The bag is not likely to have been stolen. - Маловероятно, что сумку украли.

Упражнение 1.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива

1. He seems (to read) a lot. 2.

He seems (to read) now.

3. He seems (to read) all the books in the library.

4. We expect (to be) back in two days.

5. We expected (to help) by the teacher.

6. I am sorry (to break) your pen.

7. The children seem (to play) since morning.

8. I want (to take) you to the concert.

9. She hoped (to help) by her friends.

10. I hope (to see) you soon.

Упражнение 2.

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. Many books are known to be published in our country every year.

2. His invention is considered to be of great importance.

3. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible.

4. He was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists.

5. She appeared to be an excellent actress.

6. This work seems to take much time.

7. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low.

8. They are sure to acknowledge your talent.

9. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal.

10. She is not likely to change her opinion.

Упражнение 2.

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

E.g.: It is believed that the poem was written by Byron. - The poem is believed to have been written by Byron.

1. People consider the climate there to be very healthful.

2. It is expected that the performance will be a success.

3. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young.

4. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year.

5. It was reported that five ships were missed after the battle.

6. It appeared that he was losing patience.

7. It happened that I was present at the opening session.

8. It turned out that my prediction was correct.

9. It seems they know all about it.

10. It seems they have heard all about it.

Упражнение 3.

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings.

2. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris.

3. You seem (to look) for trouble.

4. I heard the door of the entrance hall (to open) and (to close) softly.

5. The article is likely (to appear) in the next issue of the journal.

6. He is sure (to tell) me all about this even I don't ask him.

7. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow.

8. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget).

9. Irving turned out (to be) a long, pale-faced fellow.

10. I felt Nick (to put) his hand on my shoulder.

11. Soon we found that there was another complicated problem (to consider).

12. Here are some articles (to translate) for tomorrow.

13. Jane remembered (to tell) a lot about Mr. Rochester.

14. I am very sorry (to add) some more trouble by what I have told you.

15. (To play) chess was his greatest pleasure.

16. Isn't it natural that we like (to scold)?

17. I am sorry (to spoil) your mood.

18. I remembered (to move - растрогаться) by the scene I witnessed.

19. She was sorry (to miss) the beginning of the concert.

20. I should like him (to say) it to my face.

Упражнение 4

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

E.g. We heard that a car stopped outside the door.

A car was heard to stop outside the door.

It is believed that the poem was written by Byron.

The poem is believed to have been written by Byron.

1. People consider the climate there to be very healthy. 2. It was announced that the Chinese dancers were arriving next week. 3. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 4. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young. 5. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 6. It is supposed that the well-known playwright is working on a new play. 7. It is reported that the flood has caused severe damage to the crops. 8. It was supposed that the crops would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver. 10. Scientists consider that electricity exists throughout space. 11. It is said that the weather in Europe was exceedingly hot last summer. 12. It was reported that five ships were missing after the battle.

Упражнение 5

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. This work seems to be taking too much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11.The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12.The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new methods of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low. 16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the back streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see her. 24.The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25.You don't seem to have done a lot of good for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him. 27.I happened to meet an old friend at the theatre. 28. Granny seems to be making a cake for my birthday.

Упражнение 6

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

Е.g. It appeared that they had lost the way.

They appeared to have lost the way.

1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It turned out that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy.

Упражнение 468

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely to, tobe sure to.

1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr Worthing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.

Упражнение 469

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажется, устали. 6. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 9. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными. 10. Из трех сестер Бронте Шарлотта считается наиболее талантливой. 11. Как известно, английская писательница Войнич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. Считают, что русская литература оказала влияние на ее творчество. 12. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 13. Известно, что римляне построили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что поэма «Беовульф» была написана в VIII веке. 15. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем исторического романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18. Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21. Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколько лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира.26. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет. 27. Ожидают, что они выиграют этот матч. 28. Она, казалось, читала целый день. 28. Он, казалось, угадал правду. 30. Она, кажется, думает, что это его вина. 31. Ее рассказ, кажется, очень странный, но правдивый. 32. Думают, что неисправная электропроводка вызвала пожар.