Суффиксы

образующие существительное ( noun )

образующие прилагательное(adjective)

образующие

наречие ( adverb )

образующие

глагол ( verb )

• Обозначающие производителя, профессию, орудие действия

er - farmer

ant - assistant

ent - president

• Отвлеченное значение

ism- socialism

ness - backwardness

ment - development

ion - education

ship -leadership

ance -assistance

ence -independence

(i)ty-activity

ure -pressure

dom - freedom

hood - childhood

th - width, length

• Указывающие на наличие соответствующих качеств, свойств

able -considerable

ible - sensible

ant - pleasant

ent - different

ive - active

al - national

ful -peaceful

en -wooden, woolen

ic - heroic

ous - humous

• Отсутствие свойств, качеств

less - homeless

• Указывающие на принадлежность к нации

ish - British

an - Russian

ese -Japanese

ly - correctly

ate - decorate

ize - organize

( i ) fy - purify

en - broaden

Префиксы

с отрицательным значением

со значением ошибочности

со значением сообщности

со значением повторности действия

un - unimportance

in - independent

im - impossible

ir - irregular

il - illegal

mis - mistake

under -underestimate

over- overestimate

co - cooperate

re - rewrite

Task 1.

Anti- antibiosis, antibody, antichrist, anticlimax, antidote, antifascist, antifreeze, antihero

Under- underground, underfeed, underdeveloped, underhand, underpay, underwear

Over- overwork, overwinter, overview, overtime, overtake, overstock, overspend

Inter- interatomic, interlibrarian, interference, interfere

Task 2. Add the correct prefixes to the beginning of the words ( inter-, anti-, semi-, over-, co-, re-, over-, ex-, mono-, super-, under- , non- trans- )

1. John …..slept and was late to the lesson.

2. Many people who wanted tickets were disappointed because the organizers had …….estimated the singer's popularity

3. He is taking a …..atlantic flight from London to New York.

4. When the ambulance came the man was …..conscious after being knocked down by thee car

5. The ….president of the USA was honoured at the ceremony

6. People who can only speak their own language are called …..lingual

7. Superman is a comic character who has ….human strength

8. There were violent scenes as ….government and …….government demonstrations

9. ….racial fighting

10. ….racial fighting between the two minorities had led to the large amount of work

11. The two countries …operated to prevent the shipment of drugs from one to the other

12. That child looks very thin . I think he must be …..fed

13. Don't ….feed the dog or it 'll get fat

14. The media gave her so much attention she became a ….star overnight

disproportionableness incomprehensibilities

Forming Nouns

1. Study the list of nouns formed from the verbs. Say what suffixes can be used for that :

Verb

accept

acquaint

act

advise

appear

applaud

arrive

behave

begin

believe

bore

exclaim

choose

clean

clear

collect

compare

complain

laugh

move

occupy

perform

practise

invite

punish

think

translate

grow

Noun

acceptance

acquaintance

action

advice

appearance

applause

arrival

behaviour

beginning

belief

boredom

exclamation

choice

cleanliness

clearance

collection

comparison

complaint

laughter

movement

occupation

performance

practice

invitation

punishment

thought

translation

growth

Verb

compose

congratulate

correct

decide

defend

depend

describe

destroy

discover

enter

divide

explain

explore

fly

imagine

inform

invent

know

lose

obey

organize

please

prepare

introduce

repeat

serve

publish

hate

Noun

composition

congratulation

correction

decision

defence

dependence

description

destruction

discovery

entrance

division

explanation

exploration

flight

imagination

information

invention

knowledge

loss

obedience

organization

pleasure

preparation

introduction

repetition

service

publication

hatred

Exercise 1. Verb = -ance = Noun

perform - performance

acquaint - acquaintance

enter - entrance

clear - clearance

appear - appearance

allow - allowance

Translate :

A wonderful circus performance , the entrance to the museum , a very old acquaintance, an unusual appearance

Put the nouns formed from the verb in brackets;

1. The ………to the theatre was crowded with people. ( to enter )

2. The ……….of the two teams was greeted by the fans very warmly. ( to appear )

3. My ……..with him has lasted long. ( to acquaint )

4. This lively musical ………..will be held on Saturday ( to perform )

Exercise 2. A word which consists of two smaller words joined together is called a compound word

Translate:

peacemaker

schoolmate

homeland

seaside

postman

birthday

raincoat

cameraman

armchair

bookcase

newspaper

bedtime

fisherman

playground

motherland

Say which of these compound words indicate the meaning below :

Workshop, milkman, watchmaker, tablecloth, shopkeeper, headlines, bookshelf, crossroads

1. a shop in which some kind of work is done

2. a man who sells milk

3. one who makes watches

4. one who keeps a shop

5. the place where roads cross

6. the lines at the head of a newspaper

7. a cloth which covers a table

8. a shelf on which books are kept

Exercise 3. Noun ( Verb ) + -ist = Noun

The suffix -ist gives the meaning of one who follows a certain profession :

Art - artist type - typist novel - novelist journal - journalist piano - pianist science - scientist

Use these professions in the following :

1. Kate studied art in a special art school . She is now a famous ……

2. Mary is an excellent secretary. She types almost 250 letters a minute. She is the best ……….in the office.

3. Jane wants to be a musician. She has taken piano lessons for many years and she has talent , so we are sure she will be a fine ………………..

4. Our family friend works for a newspaper. He is a …………..

Exercise 4. The suffix -ward(s) forms adverbs.

forwards towards

backwards northwards

1. The hunter ran forward towards the tiger he had shot.

2. The sportsman stepped forward and shot his arrow right into the center of the target.

3. The man was driving his car northwards towards the new town.

4. Columbus sailed towards the west. He sailed westwards for many days.

5. The windows look towards the sea.

Exercise 5. Form nouns :

1. The room echoed with the ……..of children ( laugh )

2. The ……..soon became well-known all over the world ( discover )

3. The work of the hospital fills us with ………. ( admire )

4. The hot ………lasted two hours ( argue )

5. The children's ……..at the concert was excellent ( behave )

6. The ……….of the two tears was greeted by loud cheerings ( appear )

Exercise 6. complete each phase by using the noun formed from the verb in brackets :

a clear …….. ( explain )

stormy ……. ( applaud )

an exact …….. ( compare )

terrible …….( bore )

necessary ……… ( practise )

a wonderful ……. ( fly )

an important ……. ( discover )

a fair …. ( decide )

wise ……( think )

strange …… ( behave )

Exercise 7. Form nouns from these verbs :

perform divide invite

explore prove invent

act grow arrive

move hate complain

Exercise 8. here is a list of verbs which can form nouns with the suffix -(a)tion :

Eg. to collect - collection

to translate - to invite - to dictate -

to celebrate - to add - to subtract -

to educate - to protect - to co-operate -

to compose - to admire - to examine -

to observe - to decorate - to devote -

Exercise 9. Read and remember

………ment ……..sion

to move - movement to impress - impression

to excite - excitement to discuss - discussion

to develop - development to depress - depression

to agree - agreement to televise - television

to punish - punishment to divide - division

Exercise 10. Fill in :

Membership, authorship , ownership, companionship, fellowship, partnership, friendship, workmanship, seamanship

Eg. They have been friends for a long time. Their friendship began in childhood.

1. I am not sure how many people belong to this club. I think the …….must be about two hundred.

2. The police found the stolen car , but they do not know who it belongs to. They have not yet found out …..

3. That's a beautiful and well-made boat. The man who built it must take pride in his ………..

4. The captain of the ship always says that his sailors must perform their duties well. He demands good ……

5. Both Mr. Jones and Mr. White have been in the same business for many years . Their …..began almost thirty years ago.

6. Bill has joined many organizations. He enjoys participating in the different activities, and he also likes to be with people who have the same interests. He enjoys their …….

Exercise 11.

Artist, chemist, novelist, biologist, economist, typist, dramatist, pianist, scientist, geologist, journalist, specialist

1. Elizabeth makes a very good impression as she plays the piano . She is an excellent …….

2. Both Richard and Robert want to be writes when they finish their university studies. Richard wants to write dramas for the theatre , and Robert wants to write fiction stories. Richard hopes to be a ………., Robert wants to be a ………

3. I like all scientific studies , especially biology and chemistry. I know I will be a …..of some kind, but I do not know yet whether I want to be a ……………..or a …………….

4. Tom studies economics at school, he will work as an ……….

5. Many of his articles have been published in this newspaper . He is now a well-known ……………

Exercise 12.

……………ness …………(i)ty

useful - usefulness rare - rarity

idle - active -

industrious - possible -

busy - cruel -

friendly - curious -

selfish - difficult -

forgetful - able -

happy - humane -

kind - safe -

disproportionableness incomprehensibilities

FORMIMG ADJECTIVES

Noun Adjective Noun Adjective

adventure adventurous faith faithful

athlete athletic fool foolish

beauty beautiful friend friendly

boy boyish gold golden

center central hero heroic

continent continental industry industrial

courage courageous metal metallic

coward cowardly music musical

danger dangerous mystery mysterious

noise noisy nation national

poet poetic nature natural

star starry person personal

terror terrible skill skillful

value valuable sun sunny

Exercise 1. Form adjective from the noun in brackets:

a………………sea ( storm ) ……………….forests ( value )

a……………… sound ( metal ) a ………………wonder ( nature )

……………behaviour ( child ) a……………….place ( mystery )

a……………….phrase ( poet ) a…………………deed ( courage )

a……………..armchair ( comfort ) ………………….streets ( center )

a……………..class ( friend ) an ……………..trip ( adventure )

Exercise 2. Form adjectives

Eg. This has been a very ……. Decision ( fool ) - This has been a very foolish decision.

1. The shop was situated in a ……..square. ( center)

2. Gold is a very ……………….metal ( value )

3. The runner was a man of ………build ( athlete)

4. We studied the ………..sky through a telescope ( star )

5. He feels quite ……….in this warm light room ( comfort )

6. Mark Twain wrote many …………stories ( humour )

7. A ……………person soon puts you at your ease ( friend )

Exercise 3. Noun + -( c )al = Adjective

geography - geographical

nation - national

person - personal

conversation - conversational

music - musical

tradition - traditional

history - historical

practice - practical

Read and translate :

Its geographical position, his personal example, a musical performance , national dances, a traditional greeting, practical difficulties, conversational language , historical monuments

Use one of the adjective with the suffix - ( c )al :

1. Our teacher of geography told us about the …….position of great Britain.

2. Independence day is a very important ………….holiday in the United States.

3. Each country has its own ………….dances and songs, its own ………….instruments.

4. Lots of people like to spend their holidays visiting ………….places.

Exercise 4. Noun + -ic = Adjective

patriot - patriotic

hero - heroic

history - historic

artist - artistic

Read and translate :

A patriotic war, a heroic deed, a historic place , artistic skills.

Exercise 5.

care careful careless

fear fearful fearless

help helpful helpless

hope hopeful hopeless

rest restful restless

use useful useless

1. The man felt no fear when he went hunting. He was really a ……………hunter ( fear)

2. The young boy's legs were hurt and of no use to him. He found that his legs were ….when he tried to walk. ( use )

3. My friend talks all the time . His works are ……( end )

4. I like the story very much. I thought it was …….. ( delight )

5. The sailors understood that their situation was very dangerous. Some of them had already lost any hope that they would be saved. They were sure that their situation was …… ( hope )

6. Many racing cars have ……….engines ( power )

7. This grass snake is not dangerous at all. It is quite ……. ( harm )

8. Children should be ………. To their parents ( thank )

9. He made a lot of mistakes in his composition due to writing ( care )

10. Bright flowers make the room look ……… ( cheer )

11. A ……person can do nothing for himself ( help )

12. Richard was ill and could not fall asleep. He had to spend a …..night ( sleep )

13. Only a very ……..craftsman could make such a beautiful piece of furniture ( skill )

Exercise 6.

Eg. Our situation was hopeless. All of us had a feeling of hopelessness when we realized we had lost our way.

1. John is not careful in doing his work . His ………is terrible.

2. The young soldiers found it hard to wait for the signal to attack. Their ……….was noticed by the officers.

3. Ann never tells a lie. You can always depend on her …….

4. I like the quite and ………of the forest. For me it is the most wonderful place in the world.

Exercise 7

• Al

geography - geographical

conversation -

practice -

classic -

tradition -

experiment -

person -

• able

enjoy - enjoyable

value -

honour -

understand -

remark -

eat -

drink -

• ful

boast - boastful

faith -

cheer -

truth -

colour -

delight -

harm -

wonder -

• ous

mystery - mysterious

joy -

glory -

envy -

nerve -

danger -

humour -

fame -

• ic

hero - heroic

patriot -

artist -

fantasy -

history -

• y

sun - sunny

greed -

grass -

health -

luck -

• less

noise -noiseless

sleep -

sound -

care -

fear -

Exercise 7.

care

care

help

help

hope

rest

truth

careful

careless

helpful

helpless

hopeful

restless

truthful

carefulness

carelessness

helpfulness

helplessness

hopefulness

restlessness

truthfulness

Eg. Our situation was hopeless. All of us had a feeling of hopelessness when we realized we had lost our way.

5. John is not careful in doing his work . His ………is terrible.

6. The young soldiers found it hard to wait for the signal to attack. Their ……….was noticed by the officers.

7. Ann never tells a lie. You can always depend on her …….

8. I like the quite and ………of the forest. For me it is the most wonderful place in the world.

Exercise 8. Read the nouns in a column at the left side . Think of three adjectives which may be used to describe them.

game -

work -

weather -

performance -

scenery -

experiment -

place -

development -

minerals -

Exercise 9. un + adjective unhappy = not happy

Unhealthy, unusual, unknown, unpleasant

An unhappy end, an unkind boy, an unusual question, an unknown soldier, an unhappy place

I have a collection of fairy tales. Some of them are by unknown writers , but they are very interesting. Some tales have an unusual ends.

Exercise 10.

Eg. rain - rainy

Cloud, wind, salt, sun, fun, taste, shine, noise

1. I don't like it when the weather in summer is ………….and ……………..

2. The cakes that Mummy cooked were …………

3. The water in seas and oceans is ……………

4. The toys on the New Year Tree were ……

5. It's nice to bathe and swim when the day is ………

6. We laughed because the story was …….

7. In autumn the sky is usually grey and ……………..

Exercise 11.

Eg. The garden is full of bright flowers . It looks so beautiful.

There are lots of stars in the dark sky. It looks so ….

It's fun to watch the monkeys at the Zoo. They look so..

The airplane is very high in the sky . It ….

The lake is very large . Can we swim in it ? It ….

Look at the shiny stars . They ……..

beautiful

funny

small

clean

nice

bright