Грамматические упражнения по теме Сослагательное наклонение

Упражнение 1

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

• E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you. If you are free, I shall come to see you. If you were free, I should come to see you. If you had been free, I should have come to see you. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. If I see her, I shall be glad. If I saw her, I should be glad. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Упражнение 2

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:

a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему (II тип); b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?

Упражнение 3

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред-ложения I типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)If I

live in the south,

I shall bathe every day.

come home late,

go to bed at once.

live in the country,

often go to the wood.

go to the wood,

gather many mushrooms.

receive his letter,

be very happy.

fall ill,

go to the doctor.

find my book,

be very glad.

lose my money,

be very sorry.

see my friend,

ask his advice.

Упражнение 4

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред-ложения II типа, используя подстановочную табли-цу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)I wish

in the south

I should

bathe every day.

I were

at home

in the country

go to bed.

go to the wood.

If I were

in the wood

gather many mushrooms.

at the camp

have a very good time.

a scientist

invent a time machine.

a composer

write beautiful music.

a poet

write beautiful poetry.

a writer

write interesting novels.

a spaceman

fly to other planets.

a sailor

sail to Africa.

Упражнение 5

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные пред-ложения III типа, используя подстановочную таб-лицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)I wish

translated the ar-

I should

found out all about

I had

ticle yesterday met you yesterday

have

this discovery, told you something.

If I had

read this new book

told you about it.

seen your brother

asked him to come

yesterday

to our place.

bought a diction-

translated the text.

ary

learned my lesson

got a good mark.

rung him up yes-

found out all about

terday

his illness.

gone to the library

got that book.

had more practice

won the game yes-

in chess

terday.

joined you in

caught a lot of fish.

fishing

had a ticket yes-

gone to the theatre

terday

with you.

asked you to help me

done the work well.

called at that shop

bought the book.

called on my friend

met interesting

yesterday

people.

won the champion-

been sent abroad.

ship

heard about it yes-

been pleased.

terday

Упражнение 6

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Упражнение 7

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earlier, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day.-

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

Упражнение 9

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

Упражнение 10

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had written the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier

Упражнение11

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If ...

Упражнение 1

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор-му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philarmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it 5.I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6.I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer.

Упражнение 2

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор-му сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

Упражнение 3

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо-требляя "I wish".

• E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.

Упражнение 4

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".

1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.

2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

1. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,

б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Упражнение 5

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

7. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она делает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не застали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю раньше.

Упражнение 487