Методические указания к вводно-коррективному фонетическому курсу английского языка для студентов I курса

Чтение сочетаний гласных букв

Английская интонация

В любом языке интонация служит для внешнего оформления предложения. При помощи интонации наш слушатель понимает, является ли предложение повествованием, вопросом, просьбой или восклицанием. Например, предложение "Сегодня тепло" может быть утверждением, вопросом и восклицанием в зависимости от интонации, с которой произносится предложение. Интонация также выражает наши эмоции: удивление, раздражение, радость, недовольство и т.д.

Каждый язык имеет свою особую, характерную для него интонацию, заметно отличающуюся от интонации других языков. В английском языке интонация играет особенно важную роль вследствие сильно выраженного аналитического характера языка. (В аналитических языках отношения между словами выражаются не при помощи окончаний, как в русском языке, а при помощи служебных слов: предлогов, артиклей, вспомогательных глаголов, а также при помощи интонации.)

Составными элементами интонации являются:

- мелодика речи, которая осуществляется повышением или понижением голоса во фразе (сравните произнесение повествовательного и вопросительного предложения);

- ритм речи, т.е. чередование ударных и безударных слогов;

- темп, т.е. быстрота или медленность речи и паузы между речевыми отрезками (сравните речь замедленную и речь скороговоркой);

- тембр, т.е. звуковая окраска, придающая речи те или иные эмоционально-экспрессивные оттенки (тембр "весёлый", "игривый", "мрачный" и т.д.);

- фразовое и логическое ударение, служащие средством выделения отдельных слов в предложении.

Как уже было сказано выше, длинные предложения делятся на отдельные смысловые группы, которые зависят от общего смысла предложения, его грамматической структуры и стиля речи.

Английская интонация значительно отличается от русской, как мелодией, так и фразовым ударением. Понижение или повышение голоса на последнем ударном слове в предложении являются двумя основными тонами английской интонации (впрочем, и русской тоже) - нисходящим тоном и восходящим тоном.

Выбор интонационных средств речевого общения определяется целым рядом внешних факторов. Характер и ситуация общения влияют на интонационное оформление высказывания - дружеская беседа хорошо знакомых людей отличается от официального, делового разговора.

Фраза будет произноситься по-разному в зависимости от того, хочет ли говорящий сообщить, спросить или получить информацию. Интонационное оформление высказывания зависит также от формы общения - монолога, диалога или полилога.

Эмоциональное состояние говорящего также отражается в проявлениях интонации - нейтральная речь интонационно отличается от эмоционально окрашенной.

Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение № 1. Произнесите слова в соответствии со звуками

VOWELS (гласные звуки)

[i:] me, tree, three, he, people

[i] ship, it, ticket, this, king, shilling

[e] bed, pen, egg, yes, men, well

[æ] man, that, am, and, Paris, can, Spanish

[a:] past, dark, arm, are, car, hard

[o] not, lot, wash, song, from, rock, coffee

[o:] all, small, ball, or, forty, morning

[u] put, full, look, good, foot, book

[u:] who, move, noon, blue, do, too

[A] up, cup, much, sun, some, but

[ə: ] her, Thursday, burn, third, thirteen, worth, work

[ə ] a, the, under, father, address, servant, Saturday

DIPHTHONGS

[ei] say, baby, train, plate, table, waiter, Spain

[ou] no, smoke, those, motor, only, Poland, hotel

[ai] five, nine, ice, eye, my, side

[au] how, count, flower, cloud, hour, now

[oi] boy, noise, boil, voice

[iə] dear, clear, beer, really, ear

[εə ] where, there, their, chair, hair, care

[o:] four, door, your, more, floor

[uə] sure, poor

CONSONANTS



[p] pen, pay, people, pull, open, inkpot, help

[b] be, bath, boy, bad, husband, bed, beef

[t] train, tree, sit, tea, table, hotel, stop

[d] door, day, sad, kind, desk, Friday, word

[k] cold, back, clock, car, class, king

[g] gold, bag, girl, dog, good, go, egg-cup

[f] fine, far, safe, flower, fifteen, after

[v] very, save, vegetable, seven, never

[θ] thank, thick, thin, nothing, think, twentieth

[ð] then, that, there, weather, with, together

[s] so, sit, sleep, thinks, place, cigarette

[z] zero, has, knives, comes, plays, noise

[∫] ship, sharp, fish, English, shilling, short

[Z]pleasure, measure

[t∫] Charles, each, Richard, much

[dZ]John, judge, age, Japan, language

[h] his, happy, here, help, unhappy

[m] man, make, many, my, swim

[n] name, near, then, finish

[ŋ] sing, thing, working, English, king

[r] red, around, very, rich, every, room

[l] leave, long, full, pull, greatly, last

[w] will, work, away, when, window, wash

[j] yellow, year, you, young, yes, piano

Упражнение № 2. Напишите транскрипцию гласных звуков следующих слов:

а) be, feel, we, me, see, meet, deed, feet, need

b) it, is, in, ill, sit, fill, live, win, till, mill

c) bed, pen, ten, tell, set, let, met

d) tie, lie, my, pie, die, life, time, five, nine, smile

e) man, bad, hat, lamp, glad, fat, cat, black, sack

f) day, late, tale, main, pain, rain, male, fail

g) park, mark, arm, are, car, farm, large

h) air, chair, care, fair, rare, parent

i) there, where

j) here, near, mere, clear, fear, bear

k) hire, fire, tyre, buyer, flyer

l) our, flour, power, flower, down, town

m) her, term, bird, firm, burn, turn, fur, learn

n) sorry, story, warm, word, door, all, taught, talk

Упражнение № 3. Напишите транскрипцию согласных звуков следующих слов:

a ) think, thing, thin, thought, death, threat.

b) sing, song, bang, long, something, going, hung, wrong.

c) this, that, those, the, these, there, other, another.

d) ship, shop, she, clash, sharp, shine, shame, shape.

e) chess, chop, chamber, charm, charity, future.

f) phone, photo, phenomenon, phantom, pharos, philharmonic, phase.

g) knife, know, knock, knit, knight, knee, knack.

h) what, where, when, wheel, whiff, whig, whip, whim.

№4. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Aa читается по I типу слога [ei]:

Ann, game, sharp, arm, care, take, bag, fame, rare, large, dare, make, glad, plane, mark.

№5. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Aa читается по II типу слога [æ]:

March, skate, flag, barn, star, bark, cab, farm, large, flat, made, bad, hare, can, shake.

№6. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Aa читается по III типу слога [a:]:

Dad, age, far, share, cat, gas, sharp, face, table, garden, ware, dark, hand, stage, car.

№7. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Aa читается по IV типу слога [εə]:

Grace, scarf, rat, spare, came, compare, mat, bar, stare, hard, mare, take, sand, bare, carpet.

№8. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

bar

d) [sta:]

5. fare

e) [keik]

6. Ann

f) [seiv]

7. bake

g) [bεə]

8. save

h) [mæn]

9. man

i) [fεə]

10. star

j) [mεə]

11. mare

k) [æn]

№9. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ee читается по I типу слога [i:]:

Pete, pet, mere, see, net, scene, her, term, me, chess, bed, kerb, be, atmoshere, nerve.

№10. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ee читается по II типу слога [e]:

Ted, he, perfume, spell, here, her, bee, herb, bench, person, ten, sere, rest, she, feet.

№11. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ee читается по III типу слога [ə:]:

Serge, sleep, we, certainly, green, egg, steel, merge, meet, sweep, bell, verb, sincere, serf, greet.

№12. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ee читается по IV типу слога [iə]:

Steve, mere, serve, street, where, fern, leg, jerk, keep, there, shelf, bere, perfect, end, sphere.

№13. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

sn]

2. he

2. [kə:b]

3. person

3. [fre∫ ]

4. here

4. [t ə:m]

5. sweep

5. [ðem]

6. fresh

6. [west]

7. term

7. [hiə]

8. mere

8. [di:p]

9. them

9. [swi:p]

10. deep

10. [miə]

11. kerb

11. [hi:]

№14. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ii читается по I типу слога [ai]:

Mike, shirt, nine, dish, fire, bird, kite, dirty, kick, lie, wing, sing, hill, five, girl.

№15. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ii читается по II типу слога [i]:

Gill, wide, firm, chick, spire, like, sir, kilt, dine, rich, mine, shirt, trip, firm, site.

№16. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ii читается по III типу слога [ə:]:

Billy, lime, birch, brick, line, kite, stir, ring, first, this, bird, pine, dive, kid, fir.

№17. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Ii читается по IV типу слога [aiə]:

I, big, skirt, sire, fine, fire, bird, swim, wire, silk, milk, spire, his, dire, firm.

№18. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

l]

3) first

c) [film]

4) fire

d) [pain]

5) kite

e) [fə:st]

6) thick

f) [θik]

7) dirty

g) [maik]

8) Mike

h) [faiə]

9) kid

i) [ də:ti]

10) girl

j) [kid]

11) pine

k) [nais]

№19. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Yy читается по I типу слога [ai]:

tyre, try, gym, by, myth, cry, gyps, type, lynx, twenty, yard,cyst, byre, shy.

№20. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Yy читается по II типу слога [i]:

Lynn, shy, gym, yelp, gyps, yet, why, cry, puppy, crypt, type, yellow, my, tyre, syllable

№21. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Yy читается по III типу слога [ə:]:

Byrd, cry, baby, why,chyrt, mummy, my, byte, city, cyst, twenty, clyde, gym, type, myrtle.

№22. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Yy читается по IV типу слога [aiə]:

Tiny, try, twenty, byre, yard, cry, tyre, my, type, by, pyre, puppy, gyps, sky, lyre.

№23. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

b) [wai]

3. myrtle

c) [ taiə]

4. city

d) [beibi]

5. syllable

e) [trai]

6. lynx

f) [ mə:tl]

7. cry

g) [ twenti]

8. tyre

h) [krai]

9. try

i) [ siti]

10. why

j) [ siləbl]

11. baby

k) [mai]

№24. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Uu читается по I типу слога [ju:]:

Tune, but, curve, cube, hurt, sun, tube, purple, trunk, cute, bus, burn, mule, purse, shrub.

№25. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Uu читается по II типу слога [A]:

Bruce, cut, huge, pure, but, dude, cure, must, nurse, curl, plump, tune, sure, cup, obscure.

№26. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Uu читается по III типу слога [q:]:

Turk, nurse, curds, flute, buzz, curl, mute, rule, fur, yuck, cute, nurse, true, bun, trung.

№27. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Uu читается по IV типу слога [juə]:

Pure, brume, us, cure, fuss, duck, secure, purl, huge, obscure, juke, gum, endure, slur, fume.

№28. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

2) dust

b) [kjuə]

3) curl

c) [dAst]

4) pure

d) [glu:]

5) glue

e) [´pə:pəs]

6) tub

f) [mju:t]

7) turn

g) [tAb]

8) cure

h) [kə:l]

9) tulip

i) [tə:n]

10) much

j) [pjuə]

11) purpose

k) [mAt∫ ]

№29. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Oo читается по I типу слога [əu:]:

Tom, bone, fore, frog, more, stove, short, corn, no, storm, home, fort, tore, nose, lot.

№30. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Oo читается по II типу слога [o]:

Rose, doll, pork, phone, got, tore, log, bode, horn, hot, fork, go, bore, note, pond.

№31. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Oo читается по III типу слога [o:]:

Pose, born, cock, torn, bone, more, pork, stove, sport, not, fore, pond, storm,dog, bore.

№32. Выпишите слова, в которых буква Oo читается по IV типу слога [o:]:

More, home, store, long, tore, phone, for, hop, fore, dole, bore, no, pond, cost, coke.

№33. Подберите транскрипцию для каждого слова первого столбика:

3) born

c) [frog]

4) more

d) [nəut]

5) note

e) [bo:]

6) shock

f) [ko:n]

7) or

g) [mo:]

8) bore

h) [∫ ok]

9) phone

i) [fəun]

10) top

j) [bo:n]

11) corn

k) [gəu]

Фонетический материал

ПОСЛОВИЦЫ И ПОГОВОРКИ

POEMS AND RHYMES

A Cradle Song

[i:]

Sleep, sleep, beauty bright

Dreaming over the toys of night.

Sleep, sleep: in the sleep

Little sorrows sit and weep. By W. Blake

The Telephone

[a:]

Friends a hundred miles apart

Sit and chatter heart to heart,

Boys and girls from school afar

Speak to mother, ask papa. By Alfred H. Miles

Balls

[]

And there are many other balls

We find at pleasure's source -

The croquet ball, the hockey ball.

The skittle ball, lacrosse,

And smaller ball, the marble balls,

And bearing balls, of course. By Alfred H. Miles

[-:]

I have two legs

With which I walk:

I have a tongue

With which I talk,

And with it too,

I eat my food

and tell

If it's bad or good.

[:]

The early bird so I have heard,

Catches the worm, and 'pon my word,

I know two chaps and yet a third

Could learn a lesson from that bird.

[i:]

Stop! Look! Listen!

Before you cross the street.

Use your eyes, use your ears,

And then use your feet!

Queen Mab's Chariot

[i]

Fib, and Tib, and Pink, and Pin,

Pick, and Quick, and Jill, and Jin,

Tit, and Nit, and Wap, and Wim -

The train that wait upon her. By M. Drayton

March, march, head erect

Left, right, that's correct.

Alas, Alack!

[]

Ann, Ann?

Come quick as you can!

There's a fish that talks

In the frying-pan.

Out of the fat,

As clear as glass,

He put up his mouth

and moaned "Alas"

Oh, most mournful,

"Alas, alack!"

Then turned to the sizzling,

And sank him back.

By W. de La Mare

Wash, hands, wash,

Daddy's gone to plough.

Splash, hands, splash,

They're all washed now.

Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat,

Will you catch that big fat rat?

It is sitting by the ham

Just behind the apple jam.

Pussy Cat, Pussy Cat,

That fat rat is very bad.

If you catch it, I'll be glad.

I'll give you some milk for that.

The Washing-up Song

[]

Sing a song of washing up,

Water hot as hot.

Cups and saucers, plates and spoons,

Dishes such a lot!

Work the dish mop round and round,

Wash them clean as clean

Polish with a dry white cloth,

How busy we have been!

By E. Gould

Hickory, dickory, dock!

Hickory, dickory, dock!

The mouse ran up the clock,

The clock struck one,

The mouse ran down,

Hickory, dickory, dock!

The Listening Woods

[u]

I looked at the shadowed mosses,

I looked at the nests overhead,

I looked at the small brook dreaming

Alone in its sandy bed.

By Ida W.Benham

The Brook

[]

Grumbling, stumbling,

Fumbling all the day,

Fluttering, stuttering,

Muttering away,

Rustling, hustling,

Bustling as it flows,

That it how the brook talks,

Bubbling as it goes.

By A. Tennyson

Dust of Snow

[]

The way a crow

Shook down on me

The dust of snow

From a hemlock tree

Has given my heart

A change of mood

And saved some part

Of a day I have rued.

By R. Frost

Spring Rain

[ei]

Rain, rain, rain, April rain,

You are feeding seed and grain,

You are raising plants and crops

With your gaily sparkling drops.

The Lion

[ai]

Oh, weep for Mr. and Mrs. Bryan!

He was eaten by a lion,

Following which, the lion's lioness

Up and swallowed Bryan's Bryaness.

By O. Nash

[i]

Said the Crab unto the Oyster

Do not loiter in this cloister,

Join me in a voyage rare,

Up into the moist salt air.

Noise and turmoil would annoy me,

Toil and trouble, too would cloy me,

Should I leave this royal cloister

Adroitly rejoined the oyster

By L. Carroll

Good Night

[]

Here's a Body - there's a bed!

There's a pillow - here's a head!

There's a curtain - here's a light!

There's a puff - and so good night!

By J. Wallace

Outer Space

[p]

But outer space,

At least thus far,

For all the fuss

Of the populace

Stays more popular

Than populous

By R. Frost

[b]

Butterfly, butterfly,

Where do you fly,

So quick and so high

In the blue, blue sky?

[t], [d], [k]

I have a cat

His name is Pit;

And by the fire

He likes to sit

Each day I bring him

A dish of milk,

And smooth his coat

That shines like silk.

And on my knee

He likes to sit

For Pit loves me

And I love Pit.

Come to Dinner

Come to dinner,

come to dinner,

Ding - dong - dell,

Ding - dong - dell,

Soup, meat and potatoes,

Soup, meat and potatoes,

Ding - dong - dell.

Ding - dong - dell.

Golden Hour

[g]

Golden in the garden,

Golden in the glen,

Golden, golden, golden,

September's here again!

Golden in the tree tops,

Golden in the sky,

Golden, golden, golden

September's passing by.

By J. Keats

Aunts

[]

Children, aunts are not glamorous creatures,

As very often their features

Tend to be elderly caricatures of your own.

By V. Graham

Algy Met a Bear

[]

Algy met a bear,

The bear was bulgy,

The bulge was Algy.

By Ed. Lear

God made the Bees

[m]

God made the bees,

And the bees make honey,

The miller's man does all the work,

But the miller makes the money.

By L. Bowen

[n]

If many men know

What many men know,

If many men went

Where many men go,

If many men did

What many men do,

The world would be better -

I think so; don't you?

By B.R. Hudelson

[]

In the spring,

In the spring,

Sweet and fresh is everything.

Winter winds are no more blowing,

In the fields all is growing,

In the spring,

In the spring,

Sweet and fresh is everything!

To a Butterfly

[f]

I've watched you now a full half-hour,

Self-poised upon that yellow flower,

And, little butterfly! Indeed

I know not if you sleep or feed

By W. Wordsworth

The Tide in the River

The tide in the river,

The tide in the river

The tide in the river runs deep,

I saw a shiver,

Pass over the river

As the tide turned in its sleep.

By E. Farjcon

The Golden Legend

[]

A thousand faiths with a common dream

A thousand tongues with a common theme

A thousand thoughts with a single plan:

Peace on earth and goodwill to man!

By J. Wallace

Toast

[]

Here's health to all those that we love,

Here's health to all those that love us,

Here's health to all those that love them

That love those that love us!

City

[s-z]

In the morning the city

Spreads its wing

Making a song

In stone that sings.

In the evening the city

Goes to bed

hanging lights

About its head.

By L. Hughes

When a Man's Busy

[]

When a man's busy, why, leisure

Strikes him as wonderful pleasure:

Faith, and at leisure is he,

Straight away he wants to be busy. By R. Browning

Rules and Regulations

[]

A short direction

To avoid dejection

By variations

In occupations,

And prolongation

Of relaxation,

And combinations

Of recreations,

And disputation

On the state of nation

In adaption

To your station,

By invitations

To friends and relations

By evitation,

Of amputation

By permutation

In conversation,

And deep reflection

You'll avoid dejection.

Moral: Behave

By Ed. Lear

The Corn-song

[h]

Heap high the farmer's wintry hoard

Heap high the golden corn!

No richer gift has autumn poured

From out her lavish horn!

By J.G. Whittier

Clouds

[w]

White sheep, white sheep

On a blue hill.

When the wind stops

You all stand still.

You walk far away

When the winds blow

White sheep, white sheep.

"I'll Try" and "I Can't"

[l]

The little boy who says "I'll try",

Will climb to the hill-top;

The little boy who says "I can't",

Will at the bottom stop.

By R.L. Stevenson

Rain

[r]

The rain is raining all around,

It falls on field and tree,

It rains on the umbrellas here,

And on the ships at sea.

Этикет

Приветствия

Hello. Здравствуйте.

Hi. Привет.

Hi! How are you? Привет! Как дела?

Hi! How are you doing? Привет! Как дела? (Более употребительно в американском английском.)

Hi! What's up? Привет! Как жизнь? (Разговорная, несколько сленговая форма приветствия.)

Hi! How's it going? Привет! Как дела? (Разговорная форма.)

How goes it? Как дела?

What is the news? Что нового?

Good morning. Доброе утро.

Good afternoon. Добрый день.

Good evening. Добрый вечер.

Возможные ответы на приветствие

Very well, thank you. / I am all right, thank you. Спасибо, очень хорошо.

I am fine, thanks. Я в порядке, спасибо.

I'm doing great, what about you? / I am just great, and you? У меня все превосходно, а у тебя? (Разговорная форма.)

Never better. Как никогда.

So-so. Так себе.

Знакомство

What's your name? Как тебя зовут?

What's his nickname? Какое у него прозвище?

Who are you? Кто ты?

My name is... / I am... Меня зовут...

My friends call me... Друзья называют меня...

You can call me... Можешь называть меня...

How do you spell your name? Как пишется ваше имя?

Haven't we met (before)? Разве мы уже не встречались (раньше)?

I'm going to call you Bill for short. Для краткости я буду звать вас Билл.

I think we've already met. Думаю, мы уже встречались.

I don't think we've met (before). Мне кажется, (раньше) мы не встречались.

Meet... Познакомьтесь с...

Let me introduce myself. My name is George. Позвольте представиться. Меня зовут Джордж.

Have you met...? Вы знакомы с...?

This is my wife / husband. Это моя жена / мой муж.

I don't think you two know each other, do you? Я так полагаю, что вы не знаете друг друга, верно?

Nice to meet you. / Nice meeting you. Приятно познакомиться.

Pleased to meet you. / I am glad to meet you. Рад с вами познакомиться.

Nice to see you. / Good to see you. Рад тебя видеть.

Прощание

Good bye. До свидания.

Bye. / See you. Пока. / Увидимся.

See you later. До скорого.

See you soon. Скоро увидимся.

See you tomorrow. Увидимся завтра.

Good night. Спокойной ночи.

Bye! Have a nice day! Пока! Желаю хорошо провести день!

Благодарность

Thank you. / Thanks. / I appreciate it. Спасибо.

Thank you very much. / Thank you so much. / Thanks a lot. Большое спасибо.

Thank you very much indeed. Очень благодарен. (Формальная форма.)

Very much obliged (to you). Я (тебе) очень благодарен.

I am (very) grateful (to you). Я (очень) признателен (тебе).

How good / kind it was of you. Как это любезно с твоей стороны.

Thank you for nothing. Спасибо и на том.

You're welcome. Пожалуйста.

No thanks needed. / Don't mention it. / That's nothing. Не стоит благодарности. / Это пустяки.

Извинение

I beg your pardon. / Pardon me. Извините. / Простите.

(I am) sorry. / (I am) so sorry. / (I am) awfully sorry. Простите. / Мне так жаль!

Excuse me! Простите! / Извините!

I hope you don't mind. Надеюсь, вы не возражаете.

Excuse me, if you please. Извините меня, прошу вас.

Sorry to trouble you. Извините, что беспокою вас.

Do excuse me. It has slipped my memory that I had promised you to... Простите меня, пожалуйста, я позабыл, что обещал вам...

Apologize for me, please. Извинитесь за меня, пожалуйста.

No offense (was meant). / I didn't mean to offend you. Я не хотел вас обидеть.

Возможные ответы

It's (quite) all right. / It's okay. / It's fine. Все в порядке. / Ничего страшного.

Don't worry about it. Не беспокойтесь.

It doesn't matter. Ничего. / Не важно.

Согласие

There are many reasons for... Есть много причин (оснований)...

There is no doubt about it that... Нет сомнений в том, что...

I am of the same opinion. Я того же мнения.

I am of the same opinion as the author. Я того же мнения, что и автор.

I completely / absolutely agree with the author. Я полностью согласен с автором.

I agree with you 100 percent. Я согласен с тобой на 100 процентов.

I couldn't agree with you more. Я полностью с тобой согласен.

That's so true. Совершенно верно.

That's for sure. Это точно. / Это наверняка.

Tell me about it! Еще как! / Я прекрасно понимаю! / и т.п. (Разговорная форма.)

You're absolutely right. Ты совершенно прав.

Absolutely! Еще как! / Да, конечно! / Так точно! / и т.п.

That's exactly how I feel. Именно так я и думаю.

Exactly. Точно. / Вот именно. / Верно. / и т.п.

No doubt about it. Вне сомнения. / Без сомнения. / Никаких сомнений. / и т.п.

Me neither. Я тоже. (Согласие с отрицательным утверждением.)

I suppose so. / I guess so. Да, наверное. / Пожалуй, да. / Скорее всего. / и т.п. (Неуверенность в согласии.)

You have a point there. А ты прав.

I was just going to say that. / I was just coming to that. / I was just getting there. Я как раз собирался это сказать.

I have to side with the author on this one. В этом я соглашусь с автором.

Частичное несогласие

It is only partly true that... То, что ... верно лишь отчасти.

That seems obvious, but... Это кажется очевидным, но...

That is not necessarily so. Необязательно так.

It is not as simple as it seems. Это не так просто, как кажется.

Under certain circumstances... При определенных обстоятельствах...

That's not always true. / That's not always the case. Это не всегда так.

Несогласие

There is more to it than that. Все не так просто.

The problem is that... Проблема в том, что...

I (very much) doubt whether... Я (сильно) сомневаюсь...

This is in complete contradiction to... Это полностью противоречит...

What is even worse,... И что еще хуже - ...

I am of a different opinion because... Я другого мнения потому, что...

I cannot share this / that / the view. Я не разделяю этого мнения.

I cannot agree with this idea. Не могу согласиться с этой мыслью.

What I object to is... Я возражаю против...

Unlike the author I think... В отличие от автора, я думаю...

I don't think so. Я так не думаю.

No way. Ни в коем случае. / Не может быть. (Категорическое несогласие; разговорная форма.)

I'm afraid I disagree. К сожалению, я не согласен.

I beg to differ. Извините, но я не согласен.

I'd say the exact opposite. Я бы сказал, совсем наоборот.

No, I'm not so sure about that. Я в этом не очень уверен.

Выражение своего мнения

In my opinion... По-моему мнению...

The way I see it... / From my point of view... С моей точки зрения... / По-моему... / Я считаю... / и т.п.

If you want my honest opinion... Если тебе хочется знать, что я на самом деле думаю...

According to the author... По словам автора...

As far as I'm concerned... / If you ask me... Что касается меня...

It seems to me that... Мне кажется, что...

I might be wrong but... Может быть, я ошибаюсь, но...

If I am not mistaken... Если я не ошибаюсь...

I think / believe / suppose... Я думаю / считаю / полагаю...

Personally, I think... Я, лично, считаю, что...

That is why I think... Вот почему я думаю...

I am sure / certain / convinced that... Я уверен / убежден, что...

Мнение другого человека

What's your idea? А ты что думаешь? / А каково твое мнение?

What are your thoughts on all of this? Что ты думаешь по поводу всего этого?

How do you feel about that? Что ты думаешь по этому поводу?

Do you have anything to say about this? Тебе есть, что сказать по этому поводу?

What do you think? Что думаешь? / Каково твое мнение?

Do you agree? Ты согласен?

Wouldn't you say? Разве ты не согласен?

</ Как прервать разговор

Can I add something here? Можно мне кое-что сказать?

Is it okay if I jump in for a second? Ничего, если я вставлю словечко?

If I might add something... Если позволите мне сказать...

Sorry to interrupt, but... Извините, что прерываю, но...

Sorry, go ahead. Извините, продолжайте. (После того, как случайно прервать чей-либо разговор.)

Sorry, you were saying... Извините, что вы говорили? (После того, как случайно прервать чей-либо разговор.)

You didn't let me finish. Вы не дали мне закончить. (После того, как кто-либо прервал ваш разговор.)

Погода

What's the weather like today? Какая сегодня погода?

What will the weather be like tomorrow? Какая завтра будет погода?

It's supposed to rain / snow / hail. Будет дождь / снег / град.

Nice day today, isn't it? Хороший сегодня денек, не правда ли?

What awful weather! Какая отвратительная погода!

What a lovely day! Какой чудесный день!

It's raining. Идет дождь.

It's snowing. Идет снег.

Tomorrow it will be... Завтра будет...

Yesterday it was... Вчера было...

The weather is great! Погода прекрасная!

It's too hot / humid! Слишком жарко / душно!

Tomorrow temperatures will reach the high 80's / low 100's. Завтра будет около 80 - 100 по Фаренгейту (30 - 40 по Цельсию).

Прочтите текст.

London

London is the capital of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. London is one of the most beautiful and fascinating cities in the world. London is commercial, financial, political, industrial and cultural center of the country. It is also one of the world`s important ports and one of the largest cities in the world.

London was a small Roman town but in the 11 th century it became the capital of England. The medieval (cредневековый) London was an important trading center. In the 19 th century new forms of transport such as cars and trains appeared in London. Nowadays is it one of the largest cities in the world. It is divided into four main parts: Westminster, the City, the West End and the East End. Westminster is the political centre of the city. The City is a business centre because there are a lot of banks and offices there. The majority of people work in this part of London. The West End abounds (изобиловать) in shops, hotels, restaurants, clubs, parks and theatres which attract customers and tourist from different countries. The East End is an industrial district of the city. Many parts of London are changing. Some of the poor areas become fashionable and people move into them.

There are a lot of famous sights in London such as the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Big Ben (one of the most famous clocks in the world), the Houses of the Parliament, the Trafalgar Square, St. Paul`s Cathedral. The Buckingham palace is the official residence of the Royal family. There are many galleries and museums in London. The national gallery contains the richest art collection of different schools and periods. It is famous for the works of Rembrandt and Rubens. The Tate Gallery is a national gallery of modern art. It includes paintings of many countries. The British museum consists of the national museum of archeology and ethnography. It is famous of its priceless collection of ancient art. It comprises artifacts from different countries.

London has many parks and gardens. The most famous and beautiful ones are the Regents Park (with the Zoo), the St. James Park and the Hyde Park. There are a lot of theatres, concert halls, cinemas, pubs, restaurants, and nightclubs in London. There are two opera houses in the West End. The main theatres and cinemas are concentrated here. They are open till late at night. London becomes very beautiful when people hold festivals there.

Упр.1. Ответьте, пожалуйста, на вопросы по тексту «London»:

What can you tell about the history of London?

What are the most famous sights of London?

What parks of London do you know?

Упр. 2. Ответьте, пожалуйста, на вопросы по теме «Город»:

1. Do you like Ufa?

2. When was Ufa founded?

3. What places of interest in Ufa can you name?

4. What is the main street in Ufa?

5. What magnificent palaces and park complexes in Ufa and its suburbs do you know?

6. Is Ufa an exciting place for every tourist?

Our College

My name is Sveta Popova. I'm 17. I'm a student of the medical college. Our college is one of the oldest educational establishments of the region with its own traditions. Its graduates are considered to be the most highly trained specialists in the region. There are 7 departments in our college. I would like to tell you about them.

"Nursing Affair" gives qualification of a nurse of general practice. A medical nurse is a chief assistant of a doctor. She provides uninterrupted medical help including preventive and rehabilitation measures. Our graduates work in the polyclinics, hospitals, kindergartens, schools and houses for aged people.

If you want to become a doctor assistant you should study at the "Curative Affair" department. A doctor assistant of general practice is a highly-trained specialist who works independently in the polyclinics, emergency ambulances and hospitals. His main task includes prescription and performance of preventive, curative and diagnostic measures. The graduates of this department are waited for at the stations of emergency medical help, in the country-side hospitals and in the military hospitals.

"Obstetrician Affair" is another interesting department. It offers qualification of an obstetrician. An obstetrician provides preventive and curative medical help to the pregnant women ant patients with gynecological diseases.

Boys and girls whose future profession is dentist study at the "Stomatology" department. A dentist is a highly-trained specialist who works independently or under the guidance of a senior doctor who provides preventive and curative medical help for the population.

"Medical-Prophylactic Affair" gives qualification of a sanitary doctor assistant who prevents appearance and spreading of infections and other kinds of the diseases. He controls the influence of the conditions of work and life on a person's health and takes some measures to prevent this harmful influence of the surroundings. They work in the centers of state sanitary inspectors and laboratories of different branches.

A dental mechanic is a future specialist who studies at the "Orthopedic Stomatology" and learns to make artificial teeth and crowns, plastic and porcelain teeth. On graduating from the college they usually work in the dental mechanical laboratories.

As for me I am a student of the "Pharmacy" department. My future profession is pharmaceutist. I'll provide the population with different medicines. My work will demand the knowledge of preventive rules, the rules of herb's preparation and so on. The graduates of our department will be able to work in the chemist's, pharmacological enterprises, laboratories. I like to study at our college very much.

1. Ответьте, пожалуйста, на вопросы по тексту " Our College".

1. Where does Sveta Popova study?

2. How many departments are there in the college?

3. What kind of qualification does the "Nursing Affair" give?

4. Who can work at the station of emergency medical help?

5. What does an obstetrician provide to the pregnant women and patients with gynecological diseases?

6. Where do the sanitary doctor assistants work?

7. What is Sveta's future profession?

Список литературы

1. Бонк Н. А., Котий Г. А., Лукьянова Н. А. Учебник английского языка. Часть 1. - Издание 6-е, переработанное - М: Международные отношения, 1970. - 545 с.

2. Голубев А.П. Английский язык: учебное пособие для студентов средних профессиональных учебных заведений/ А.П. Голубев, Н.В. Балюк, И.Б. Смирнов. - 3-е изд., стер. - М.: Издательский центр «Академия», 2006 г. - 336 с.

3. Игнатова Т.Н. Английский язык. Интенсивный курс: Учебник. - 3-е изд., испр. - М.: Высшая школа, 1992 - 255с.

4. Колесникова Н.Н. Английский язык для менеджеров: учеб. для студ. сред. проф. учеб. заведений - 3-е изд., М.: Издательский дом «Академия», 2008 г. - 304 с.

5. Парахина А.В., Тылкина С.А. Учебник английского языка: для средних специальных учебных заведений. - М.: Высшая школа, 1982 - 349 с., ил.

1. Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ. Учебное пособие/ Л.Г. Козырева, Т.В. Шадская. - Изд. 6-е. - Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2007. - 320 с. - (Среднее профессиональное образование).

2. Словари русско-английский, англо-русский.

english-thebest.ru/