Шаблоны для написания различных типов письменных работ (раздел Письмо)

Writing

• Advertisements for houses:

Plan.

For rent: …

Address: …

• type of places

• where

• cost

• size

• inside the house/flats (rooms, furniture)

• outside the house/flat

• A letter to a pen-friend:

Plan.

Dear + (your pen friends first name),

Introduction

Para 1: Say who you are, how old you are, what your occupation is, where you live and what you look like.

Main body

Para 2: Talk about your family (members, ages, jobs) and your house.

Para 3: Say what you like / don't like doing

Conclusion

Para 4: Ask your pen friend to write back soon.

Best wishes,

(your first name)

• An article about a celebrity's daily routine

Plan.

Para 1: name, job, feelings about the job

Para 2: daily routine (what she does in the morning/afternoon/evening/at night)

Para 3: free time activities (what she likes/doesn't like doing)

Para 4: How she feels about her life

• A postcard

Plan.

Dear + (your friend s first name)

Greetings from …

• Say where you are

• Say what the weather is like

• Say what clothes you are wearing

• Say what you are doing now

See you soon.

Lots of love,

(your first name)

• An advertisement for a restaurant

Plan.

Para 1: name of restaurant, type and location

Para 2: dishes and desserts

Para 3: cost, service, opening hours

Para 4: recommendation

• A then and now article

Plan.

Introduction

Para 1: State the name of the place

Main body

Para 2: Write what life was like then (what there was/were, there wasn't/weren't, what people didn't have and what they could do)

Para 3: write about what life is like now (what there is/are, what people have got, what people can do)

Conclusion

Para 4: Say how nice the place is nowadays

• A biography

Plan.

Para 1: full name, what he is famous for, date/place of birth

Para 2: important dates in his life in chronological order - early years/later years

Para 3: about his death

• A story

When we write a story, we start by saying when and where the event happened, who the people in the story were and what happened first. We continue with what happened just before the main event (2nd paragraph), then describe the main event of the story (3^rd paragraph). We end our story by writing what finally happened and how the people in the story felt. When we tell a story we use past tenses.

Plan.

Para 1: start the story (who the people in the story were, when/where/what happened)

Para 2-3: develop the story (what happened before the main event/the main event itself)

Para 4: end the story (what happened in the end - how he felt)

• A description of a place

When we write an article for a magazine describing a place, we may give the information under suitable subheadings.

We start by stating the name of the place and its location, and then we give a short general description of the place.

After that, we talk about where visitors can stay (accommodation), places to visit or eat at, where to go shopping and the nightlife.

We end by giving an overall impression of the place. Adjectives make our description more interesting.

We normally use present tenses in this type of writing.

• A letter to a friend about your plans.

When we write a letter to friend about our plans, we divide the letter into four paragraphs. We start with Dear + our friend's first name. In this type of letter we use be going to to talk about our plans/intensions and the present continuous to talk about fixed future arrangements. To express reason or purpose, we use so, because or to-infinitive. We end the letter with Love/Best Wishes/Yours, +our first name.

Plan.

Dear + (your friend's first name,)

Introduction

Para 1: reason for writing the letter

Main body

Para 2, 3: your plans, intentions with reasons

Para 4: your arrangements - invite him/her to your house/flat for a special event

Conclusion

Para 5: closing remarks (e.g. See you soon.)

Love,

(Your first name)

• A leaflet giving advice

When we write leaflets giving rules, regulations, advice, instructions, etc. we write one rule after the other on separate lines. We use the imperative and words like never, always, make sure, etc. We may also give the reason why we should do what the rule says.

Never light fires in forests, Trees will burn.

• A friendly letter from a holiday destination reporting your experiences.

When we are on holiday and we want to write a friend to report our experiences, we start by saying where we are, when we arrived there, what the weather is like, and where we are staying.

Then, we talk about the things we have or haven't done (present perfect), when we did them and what each was like (past simple). We also say what we are going to do.

We end the letter by saying what we think of the place and when we are leaving.

Plan.

Dear + (your friend's first name,)

Introduction

Para 1: Where are you?

When did you arrive there?

What is the weather like?

Where are you staying?

Main body

Para 2: What things have you done?

When did you do them?

What was each like?

Para 3: What haven't you done yet?

What are you going to do?

Conclusion

Para 4: What do you think of the place?

When are you leaving?

Best wishes/Love, etc.

(Your first name)

• An article about a country and its people.

When we write an article about a country and its people, we can divide our article into six paragraphs.

In the first paragraph, we include the name of the country, its location and its features. In the second paragraph, we write what the people look like and we describe their character. In the third paragraph, we write about where the people live and what work they do. In the fourth paragraph, we write about what they eat. In the fifth paragraph, we write about what they do in their free time.

In the last para we write a few words about the country. We normally use the present simple.

Plan.

Introduction

Para 1: name of country, location, features

Main body

Para 2: people s looks and character

Para 3: where people live, what they do

Para 4: people s favourite foods

Para 5: people s free-time activities

Conclusion

Para 6: comments about the country

• An article about someone's lifestyle and how it has changed

When we write an article about someone's lifestyle and how it has changed, we can divide it into 4 paras. In the 1^st para, we write his/her full name, where he/she comes from and what he/she does for a living. In the 2^nd para, we write how his/her life used to be years ago. We write about his/her home, appearance, eating habits and free-time activities. In the 3^rd para, we write about his/her lifestyle nowadays. In the last para, we write how he/she feels about these changes. We use used to or the past simple to talk about the persons past habits, and present tenses to talk about his/her lifestyle nowadays.

• An article about the shopping facilities in a city

When we write an article about the shopping facilities in a big city, we can divide it into four paragraphs.

In the 1^st para, we state the name of the city and the types of shops you can find there.

In the 2^nd para, we state the names of the best shops, where they are and what we can buy there.

In the 3^rd para, we state the opening hours and the sales times.

In the last para, we recommend the place to shoppers.

We normally use the present simple in such articles. We give the article an interesting title to attract the reader's attention.

Plan

Introduction

Para 1: name of city, types of shops in general

Main body

Para 2: names of best shops, where they are, what you can buy there.

Para 3: opening hours & sales time(s)

Conclusion

Para4: recommendation

• A letter asking for information

When we write a formal letter asking for information we can divide it into three pars.

We start the letter with Dear Sir/Madam.

• In the 1^st para, we mention the reason why we are writing the letter

• In the 2nd para, we ask questions about the information we need

• In the last para, we usually say we hope to hear from the person soon.

We end our letter with Yours faithfully, and our full name.

Plan.

Dear Sir/Madam,

Para 1: explain why you are writing

Para 2: ask your questions

Para 3: closing remarks

Yours faithfully,

(your full name)

• A report about good and bad points of a place

When we write a report about good and bad points of a place such as a restaurant, a campsite, a hotel, etc., we can divide it into 3 parts:

• The introduction, where we state the purpose of our report;

• The main body, where we talk about good and bad points with examples. We write each piece of information under subheadings;

• The conclusion, where we give our overall impression and make our suggestions.

We can use the present tenses or past tenses for this kind of report.

• A profile of a famous person

When we write a profile of a famous person we usually divide it into 4 paras.

In the 1^st para, we write who the person is and why he/she is important.

In the 2^nd para, we write about the persons early life (i.e. when and where he/she was born, his/her childhood, the school he/she attendant, etc.)

In the 3^rd para, we write about the person's later life (i.e. his/her career, and important events in his/her life, in chronological order)

In the last para, we write about the person's character, likes and plans.

• An article about a famous landmark

When we write an article about a famous landmark we can divide it into 4 paras. In the 1^st para, we write the name of the place, where it is and what it looks like. In the 2^nd para, we write about the historical facts of the landmark. In the 3^rd para, we write about what visitors can see or do there. In the last para, we recommend a visit to the landmark. We normally use present tenses to describe the landmark and past tenses to write about the historical facts. In this type of writing, the passive is used when the action is more important than the agent.

• A news report

When we write a news report we can divide it into 3 paras. In the 1^st para, we write a short summary of the event, we write about who was involved, what happened and where and when it happened.

In the 2^nd para, we write a detailed description of what happened. In the last para we write what action has been taken.

We normally use past tenses in this type of writing. We always give our report an eye-catching title.

• An article suggesting solutions to problems.

When we write an article suggesting solutions to problems we can divide it into 5 paras. In the 1^st para we state the problem. In the next paras (2, 3 and 4) we write our suggested solutions to the problem. We write each suggestion with results/examples in a separate para. In the last para we summarise our opinion. We normally use present tenses and conditionals type 2 (if + past simple …would +infinitive) in such articles.

• An article describing holiday accommodation.

When we write an article describing holiday accommodation (a hotel, a campsite, etc.) we can divide it into 4 paras.

In the 1^st para, we write the name and location of the place and why it is special.

In the 2^nd para, we describe the place. In the 3^rd, we write what people can do there (have a meal, have a drink, go skiing, go rafting, go fishing etc.). In the last para, we recommend the place and say when is the best time to go.

We normally use present tenses in this type of writing.

• An article about a celebration/event you attended.

When we write an article about a celebration/event we attended, we can divide it into 4 paras.

In the 1^st para, we write what celebration/event we attended and where and when it took place (place, date, time).

In the 2^nd para, we write about the preparations before the celebration/event (e.g. costumes, food and etc.)

In the 3^rd para, we write what happened during the celebration/event.

In the last para, how we felt.

We normally use past tenses in such pieces of writing.

• An opinion article.

When we write an opinion article, we can divide it into 5 paras.

In the 1^st para, we introduce the topic and clearly state our opinion. We use: in my opinion, I believe, etc. we can use rhetorical questions to introduce the topic (e.g. Why do people think that only dogs and cats make good pets?)

In the 2^nd and 3rd paras, we give our viewpoints and reasons. We list our viewpoints with firstly, furthermore, also, etc.

In the 4^th para, we give the opposing viewpoint and reasons. We can start with: On the other hand, However, etc.

In the last para, we state our opinion again using different words.

We normally use present tenses in such pieces of writing.

• A for-and-again essay.

When we write a for-and-again essay we can divide it into 4 paras.

In the 1^st para, we state the topic.

In the 2^nd para we write the points for, explaining each point. In the 3^rd para we write the points against, in the same way.

In the 4^th para, we sum up the topic and give our opinion.

We use present tenses in such pieces of writing. We can also use words such as: also, however, on the other hand, firstly, etc. to list our points.

• A letter giving advice

When you write a letter giving advice, first you express your sympathy to the person who has got the problem, and then you give him/her your advice. You finish your letter by wishing the person good luck.

Useful expressions.

Start with: I just got your letter and I think I can help you/ I was sorry to hear about your problem.

Giving advice: If I were you, Id …, You should …, You ought to …, Why don't you …, It would be a good idea to …, The best thing you could do is …, I strongly advise you to …, You shouldn't .,..

Finish with: I hope this helps you. / Let me know what happens. / Hope this advice is of some help to you. / Things will get better soon.