The Planet should be saved

School №21

THE PLANET

SHOULD BE SAVED

Prepared by

N.M. Martynova

Donetsk 2014

Theme The planet should be saved

Objectives 1.Develop students' speaking, reading and

listening skills.

2. Develop students' creative and logical

thinking, communicative skills.

3 .Involve students in the process of discussion

finding "pros" and "cons" in giving opinions.

4. Bring up responsible attitude to nature.

Equipment Pupils' books, pictures of landscapes, video,

the song of Michel Jackson " What have you

done to the world?", quotes about ecology

by Dalai Lama.

Procedure

Ι.Introduction

1. T. Today we are to highlight a very important problem our planet faces to- how to

рrotect the environment, how to save our planet which cries, signals us that some-

thing is happening with it. As a famous spiritual leader of Tibet Dalai Lama said:

"Our mother planet is showing us the red warning light-"be careful"- she is saying.

To take care of the planet is to take care of our house".

2. Listening to the song of Michel Jackson "What have you done to the world"

T.What about all the dreams? What about Nature's worth?

What about killing fields? What about babies born?

What about bleeding Earth? What about heavens falling down?

What about weeping shores? And about the common man?

Really, the Earth is in danger, the Earth is crying.

Something should be done!

II.Main part

1. Reading the quotations written on the blackboard and commenting them.

"Because we don't think about future generations, they will never forget us".

Henrik Tickanen

P. Unfortunately, people do not think of the state of the environment. Every day they

1pollute the land, the water and the air. It's very up-to-date for people living in the ХХΙcentury because these days our society produces too much waste, pollutes the nature and simply destroys the world that we got used to. If we don't think about the ways out the future generation will never forgive us for the world we will leave them. We should be more sensitive and responsible for everything we do.

"We cannot command nature except by obeying it".

Francis Bacon

P. It's a very good and useful expression. We use different modern devices which make our life much easier. Thanks to them we have more free time, but even having them we cannot command nature because it is more powerful and stronger than all the devices made by humans. They use them to make their life better, more comfortable, but they can do nothing to prevent and confront disasters that happen more and more often presenting misery, causing fear, death and loses. Of course, we should obey nature, but try do something to live peacefully and in harmony with it.

2. Vocabulary practice. Use of English.

Read the text "Global warming" and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) ________the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2)_____________the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than (3)_______ before, the Earth is at (4)__________from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5)__________to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (6)________ as hurricanes and droughts, even more (7)________and causing sea levels all around the world to (8)________. Environmental groups are putting (9)________ on governments to take actions to reduce the (10)_________ of carbon dioxide which is given (11)________ by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (12)_________of more money being spent on recearch into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (13)______ .

Some scientists, (14)_________,believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (15)___

hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.

1. A give B put C take D have

2. A in B at C by D do

4. A threat B danger C risk D harm

5. A concerning B regarding C depending D according

6. A such B just C even D well

7. A strict B severe C strong D heavy

8. A raise B arise C rise D lift

9. A force B pressure C persuasion D encouragement

10A amount B deal C number D count

11A off B away C up D over

12A belief B request C favour D suggestion

13A factories B generations C houses D stations

14A but B although C despite D however

15A several B over C numerous D various

3. Reading "My Secret Diary" by Ann Wilkinson.

a) Pre-reading activity. Discuss.

What are the courses of global warming?

What are the predicted effects of global warming?

b) Reading the text.

Last night I dreamt of the future. There was a map of the world, but the countries looked different. The land had shrunk and the seas had grown. Britain was smaller, and so was France. And Holland had disappeared.

In my dream I could fly and I saw that the land that had been green now was brown. The snow had melted long ago from the black mountain tops. A drought had left the earth dry and thirsty. The forests had become a desert.

Near a village, there was a man, thin and silent, trying to grow plants in the dead soil. The heat was tremendous. I could hardly breathe. Then suddenly, a tornado came. Raindrops hit my face, the air was humid and heavy. A flood rushed down the valley towards the man and his village.

The storm carried me across an angry ocean and I came to a strange city without streets. Canals ran between high buildings. There was a statue of a giant woman, a torch above her head, water up to her knees.

Needing to rest, I flew into a building, a library. A woman was reading. "You want to know what happened," she said. I nodded. Her voice was dry and quiet like dead leaves.

"You knew about global warming, you knew it was real. You knew about the green- house effect and acid rain and what air pollution was doing to the environment. But you didn't care."

"Some people tried. They warned you what would happen if you didn't protect your planet. They said,"Stop burning petrol, save energy, consume less, recycle, use solar

energy, use wind power… But you wouldn't change your lifestyle: your car exhaust fumes, your cheap flights, your polluting factories and your carbon dioxide."

"And the climate changed and the temperatures rose, and the glaciers and the polar ice caps melted. Seas covered your islands and coastal towns. There were hurricanes and floods and forest fires.Innumeral species died out. First polar bears became extinct, and then bees. And now you are alone with the rats and the cockroaches. And there are too many refugees, and not enough food or water, and you're just fighting for survival.She touched my face with her warm dry fingers and I woke from my dream. But it wasn't a dream. It was a nightmare.

c) Post-reading activity

- Choose the correct answer.

1. The writer dreamt about of a world where

A The shape of the continents had changed.

B some countries had lost their independence.

C there had been a war.

D Britain didn't exist any more.

2. Flying over the earth the writer saw the effect of

А Floods.

B hurricanes.

C an increasingly hot climate.

D a volcanic eruption.

3. She saw the devasting effect of the change on

A industry.

B agriculture.

C travel.

D animals.

4. The city had been

A burnt.

B destroyed by a nuclear bomb.

C destroyed by a tornado.

D flooded.

5. The woman told the writer

A to stop burning petrol.

B to change her lifestyle.

C that the situation was also her fault.

d) Answer the questions.

Why are dreams sometimes like nightmares?

Do people survive the problems of the day while sleeping?

Why was this dream a nightmare?

T. You are quite right. The ecological situation is worsening with every passing day but usual people can do nothing. I wonder, what do scientists think?

4. Pupils' ideas

P1. I'd like to admit that scientists understand a lot about environment but they don't understand everything. Nevertheless, they point out three main factors which influence the planet. They are: the influence of science and technology, natural disasters and people's influence. As for the science and technology it needs to be said that advances in technology have solved many problems. However, they have also created new ones. Can you imagine our lives without the benefit of cars, refrigerators, computers and all the other products that we take for granted? However, these technological advances also have their drawbacks. Some modern technologies create environmental problems through both the energy sources they use and the waste they produce.

P2. Well, I see eye to eye with you. Scientists have discovered nuclear energy which gives us much needed electricity to light our streets, warm our houses and keep our machines running. Nevertheless, the world's nuclear powers have enough nuclear bombs to destroy the world many times over. The technological advances that solve our problems also create new ones.

P3. I completely agree with you. Really, the technological advances now threaten the world we live in. It is true that these advances have made our lives easier and improved our standard of living in many ways, but what is the point of having the latest technology if it destroys the world we live in? In my opinion, we should focus on clean sources of energy and pay greater attention to recycling and waste disposal plants.

P4. We need to invest in producing energy from clean sources such as wind and wave power and close down the nuclear power plants. We also need to stop the manufacture of products that produce toxic waste and allow only the manufacture of products that can be recycled or biodegraded. For the first time in the history of the world every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals from the moment of conception until death. It's awful, cruel and inhumanly.

P5. As Edward Abbey said "Our modern industrial economy takes a mountain covered with trees, lakes, running streams and transforms it into a mountain of

garbage, junk, slime pets and debris." Our scientists should use their knowledge to improve and beautify the

Earth, but not to poison the air, corrupt the waters blacken the face of the planet and hurt our souls with loud and discordant voices… or we can use it to mitigate or abolish all these things.

P2.And what is the alternative to it?

P3.As I have already said, we should focus on clean sources of energy. I suppose, wave energy is renewable power. If my memory doesn't fail me, the American company "Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) has developed a wave energy project which is going to be built along the coast of the Central Oregon. They prove their desire to help the earth not with their words but deeds. It's great and encouraging.

P.I completely agree with you. Speaking about science and technology I'd like to admit that scientists make any effort to solve this problem, but they can do nothing with natural disasters which influence the ecology of our planet greatly.

Т.Sure. I can't but join you. Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons are all natural disasters. The cost of natural disasters - lives lost, homes destroyed, economies disrupted.

P. And why do they happen? What is their origin?

T.I know exactly that some of your classmates are interested in earthquakes and volca -noes and attend scientific centre dealing with natural disasters. Let's ask one of them.

P. Kate, why do earthquakes happen? What is their origin?

5. Taking interview

K. Undoubtedly, earthquakes are one of the most feared natural hazards. They are unavoidable, unpredictable and they produce a feeling of helplessness that cannot be compared with anything else: it is earth moving under our feet. Many myths were created about the possible origin of earthquakes. In Japan the legend says they the earth is shaken by the movement of a giant catfish hidden in the ground. In China people believed that the earth is resting on a giant ox, in India - on four giant elephants. And when these animals began to move, the earth was shaking. Ancient Greeks attributed earthquakes to the anger of the gods. But according to scientific explanation the earth crust consists of "plates" that move relative to one another and

seismic activity is associated mostly with this motion. Their origin can be connected with volcano activity as well.

And I want to get some information about volcanoes. Can you tell us about them?

K. Certainly. Volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface through which lava, hot gases rock fragments erupt. Most volcanoes are mountains. I'd like to admit that

volcano eruptions are spectacular sights. Imagine, in some eruptions huge fiery clouds rise over the mountain and glowing rivers of lava flow down its sides. In other eruptions red hot ash and cinders shoot out the mountaintop, and large chunks of hot rock are blasted high into the air. People have always been fascinated by the spectacle of volcanic eruptions and terrified of their power. Eruptions have caused some of the worst disasters in history, wiping out entire towns and killing thousands of people.

P. It's awful, but I am sure that there is nothing worse than flood. The thing is that I was born in Western Ukraine and was the evident of this disaster. After heavy rains water level in the rivers rises dramatically, mountain rivers flood hundreds of villages. Under such conditions rivers may receive more than 10 times as much water as their beds can hold. Most floods are harmful. They destroy homes and other property, carries off the topsoil, leaving the land barren.

P. And what about hurricane, tornado, tsunami, typhoon?

K. All of them are sudden and cause high winds, huge waves, heavy flooding and can be hundreds of miles across. They can move objects as big as a car and can blow buildings down.

P. Can we predict them?

K. Natural disasters are often unpredictable. We do not know when they might happen, or even where they will happen. In future, scientists may be able to watch and predict events before they happen. This could save many lives. But now no one knows. Scientists around the world are working to learn more about how to know when and where they will occur. They use meteorological and satellite systems, monitoring signals from the ground, wild animals' feeling the sudden change in nature. For example, birds quickly fly away when they sense a storm coming and horses start to run wild and neigh. But it's like a grain of sand in the sea.

P. Naturally, it's difficult to predict natural disasters, but besides natural disasters there are man made disasters which do a lot of harm to our planet too. As for man made disasters - they are predictable, but people don't understand and don't follow the proverb "Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you." and do a lot of harmful things which lead which lead to catastrophes and violation of natural balance.

6.Listening.

T.Now you will see video of the event which took place in the last century. It is about the girl who is worried about the ecological situation on our planet and decided to take

the floor at the international conference devoted to the ecological problems and appeal to its participants to save our planet.

Hello, I'm Severn Suzuki speaking for E.C.O. - The Environmental Children's Organisation. We are a group of twelve and thirteen-year-olds from Canada trying to make a difference: Vanessa Suttie, Morgan Geisler, Michelle Quigg and me. We raised all the money ourselves to come six thousand miles to tell you adults you must change your ways. Coming here today, I have no hidden agenda. I am fighting for my future.

Losing my future is not like losing an election or a few points on the stock market. I am here to speak for all generations to come. I am here to speak on behalf of the starving children around the world whose cries go unheard. I am here to speak for the countless animals dying across this planet because they have nowhere left to go. We cannot afford to be not heard.

I am afraid to go out in the sun now because of the holes in the ozone. I am afraid to breathe the air because I don't know what chemicals are in it. I used to go fishing in Vancouver with my dad until just a few years ago we found the fish full of cancers. And now we hear about animals and plants going extinct every day - vanishing forever. In my life, I have dreamt of seeing the great herds of wild animals, jungles and rainforests full of birds and butterfilies, but now I wonder if they will even exist for my children to see. Did you have to worry about these little things when you were my age? All this is happening before our eyes and yet we act as if we have all the time we want and all the solutions. I'm only a child and I don't have all the solutions, but I want you to realise, neither do you!

You don't know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer. You don't know how to bring salmon back up a dead stream. You don't know how to bring back an animal now extinct. And you can't bring back forests that once grew where there is now desert. If you don't know how to fix it, please stop breaking it!

Here, you may be delegates of your governments, business people, organisers, reporters or politicians - but really you are mothers and fathers, brothers and sister, aunts and uncles - and all of you are somebody's child. I'm only a child yet I know we are all part of a family, five billion strong, in fact, 30 million species strong and we all share the same air, water and soil - borders and governments will never change that. I'm only a child yet I know we are all in this together and

should act as one single world towards one single goal. In my anger, I am not blind, and in my fear, I am not afraid to tell the world how I feel.

In my country, we make so much waste, we buy and throw away, buy and throw away, and yet northern countries will not share with the needy. Even when we

have more than enough, we are afraid to lose some of our wealth, afraid to share. In Canada, we live the privileged life, with plenty of food, water and shelter - we have watches, bicycles, computers and television sets.

Two days ago here in Brazil, we were shocked when we spent some time with some children living on the streets. And this is what one child told us: "I wish I was rich and if I were, I would give all the street children food, clothes, medicine, shelter and love and affection." If a child on the street who has nothing, is willing to share, why are we who have everything still so greedy?

I can't stop thinking that these children are my age, that it makes a tremendous difference where you are born, that I could be one of those children living in the Favellas of Rio; I could be a child starving in Somalia; a victim of war in the Middle East or a beggar in India. I'm only a child yet I know if all the money spent on war was spent on ending poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this earth would be!

At school, even in kindergarten, you teach us to behave in the world. You teach us: not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our mess, not to hurt other creatures to share - not be greedy. Then why do you go out and do the things you tell us not to do? Do not forget why you're attending these conferences, who you're doing this for - we are your own children. You are deciding what kind of world we will grow up in. Parents should be able to comfort their children by saying "everyting's going to be alright', "we're doing the best Severn's speechwe can" and "it's not the end of the world".

But I don't think you can say that to us anymore. Are we even on your list of priorities? My father always says "You are what you do, not what you say." Well, what you do makes me cry at night. you grown ups say you love us. I challenge you, please make your actions reflect your words. Thank you for listening

7. Discussing the video watched (T→P!, P2, P3…)

What country is this girl from?

What problem is she worried about?

What was the conference devoted to?

Was she heard by the participants of the conference?

Did she make a great impression on them?

What makes you think so?

Did she influence their minds, their desire to help?

Was she right to come to this conference?

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Could you do the same?

Т. We live in the ХХΙ century but the problem isn't solved yet and we can't but discuss it again and again in order to make our government do something to improve

ecological situation. We live on a beautiful planet which is called the Earth.We love it, we want to see it dressed in green and blue, clean because it is our treasure.The great American writer Ernest Hamingway once said: "The world is a fine place to live and worth fighting for."Really it is the most valuable that we have and we should save it.

T. We have touched upon natural disasters but we can't but mention an unnatural disaster, that is manmade, too.

8. Students' presentation

P. I'd like to dwell upon deforestation. Why is this happening? There are two reasons - land and wood. In many countries the trees have been cut because the land was needed for animals or crops. In other countries of the world the trees are cut because their wood is wanted. This wood is used by the local people for firewood, for buildings and it is made into furniture. Unfortunately, in most places the trees won't be replaced. When the trees are cut down, the soil is washed away by the rain or blown away by the wind. Soon nothing can be grown on it. The forest becomes a desert. When the forest is destroyed, it isn't only the trees that are lost, the homes of millions of animals and plants are destroyed too. All kinds of species are in danger - fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, insects - as well as thousands of plants. Naturally I can't but touch upon rainforests. Before 1900 rainforests covered 14% of the world's surface. Today they cover only 5%.Every rainforest contains millions of animals, insects and flowers, they are destroyed too. If man continues to cut down rainforests, more than one million species of plants and animals will have become extinct by the year 2030. Who is to blame for this disaster? The answer is simple: all of us.

P.And I'd like to draw your attention to pollution. There are different kinds of pollution: water pollution, air pollution, land pollution, thermal pollution and a lot of others. Air pollution is a major concern. Generally air pollution steams from many areas including factories, cars, gas stations, agriculture, chemical industry and even cigarette smoke. The effects of air pollution are a major threat to our health. Air pollution can affect many body organs and systems in addition to the environment. It causes lung disease and cancer. It poisons rivers and lakes, damages trees, and kills wildlife.

P. Talking about air pollution it is not possible to omit so-called indoor air pollution. It is a serious problem for those who use household fuels such as coal, firewood, peat. Nowadays, as a result of burning coal,2 billion tons of carbon dioxide come into the atmosphere every year. Air pollutants have sources that are both natural and human.

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Now, humans contribute substantially more to the air pollution problem. Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, wind erosion, pollen dispersal, evaporation of organic compounds, and natural radioactivity are all among the natural causes of air pollution.

P. Water pollution occurs mostly, when people overload the water environment such

as streams, lakes, underground water, bays or seas with wastes or substances harmful to living beings. We can't imagine our life without clean water, it is necessary for our life. All people, plants and animals drink it and some live in it. Water pollution kills large quantity of fish, birds and other animals and people suffer from different diseases. It's awful.

P.The greenhouse effect is one problem more. As it is known from Physics the Earth is surrounded by a blanket which consists of invisible gases. The sun shines in and the blanket of gases traps the heat like a roof, keeping it close to the planet. That's great because without it nothing can grow and live. Pollution from cars, factories and power stations is causing harmful greenhouse gases to build up in the Earth's atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping, and as a result our planet is getting wamer.This process is known as global warming. Global warming is causing the ice at the North and South Poles to melt and sea levels and sea temperatures to rise, leading to serious flooding and violent storms in many parts of the world. While in other places there will be less rain and the land will be turned into desert.

P. And I want to draw your attention to forest fires. Of course, forest fire is a natural disaster which can be caused by lightning strikes, hot dry weather, volcano eruption and meteorite impact. There are different kinds of forest fires: grass fires, bush fires, wild fires, vegetation fires and others. But it is estimated that as nine out of ten forest fires are caused by humans. Although the causes of a significant number of forest fires remain unknown. The most common cause of such fires is the use of open flames and disposable barbecue grills. Even a cigarette that is not properly undistinguished can cause a forest fire. Moreover arsons have become the cause of forest fires too.

P.We can enumerate them endlessly: acid rain, the ozone hole, land pollution, Chernobyl disaster, solid waste, fertilizers, black market, compost, sewage and a lot of others .But I'd like to attract your attention to the evil we could avoid, I think. It's garbage. We are making so much garbage that in many places there is not enough

room to bury it all. Garbage is everywhere: in the streets, in the parks, in the forests,

near the rivers, seas, lakes because people throw it after their rest. If we didn't leave garbage everywhere we would keep them clean. We can recycle them, thus to help keep our planet green.

T. Speaking about garbage we can't but mention space litter which is people's fault too. The area above earth is becoming a dump. Scientists estimate that nearly 15500 large pieces of garbage are orbiting our planet. They are: burned-out rocket engines,

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old fuel tanks, satellites that have stopped working. They fall to earth polluting seas, oceans and land. Because of litter many space rockets and people who work in outer space suffer. It is very dangerous.

9.Discussing the pupils' information.

10. Work in groups. Role - play the situation.

Natural disasters or unnatural - it doesn't matter because it's awful to face them: animals die, trees disappear, green continents turn into deserts and people suffer as well. Now I suggest you to watch a fragment from the programme "Face to face with danger"

Host: Good afternoon. Today I'm glad to introduce you some people…. They have come here to tell us about the terrible situation they got into. Let give the floor to each of them.

P1. Good morning. My name is …. I'm awfully sorry, but after that accident I feel more dead than alive. The thing is that I have just come back from Tokyo, Japan. Everything was OK. I had a good rest but one day being in the hotel I felt that suddenly the floor began to shake beneath my feet. All the plates and food fell on the floor, the window rattled and I fell down. Soon I understood that earthquake began. People began to panic running up and down in order to find a shelter. I was under the table when the ceiling fell in and that helped me to survive.

H.How long did it last?

P1. If my memory doesn't fail me…well, it lasted about two hours.

H. Were there any victims?

P1.To my great regret people suffered greatly. Some were killed, others were injured. It was a terrible sight.

H.Sorry to hear that. The next guest is…Introduce yourself.

P2.My name is… .I was on holidays at the Paradise Club on Patapita, a small Island in

the South Pacific. I was taking a nap when a volcano erupted. The noise broke me up. I looked through the window and… .Oh, it was so awful. The ground was shaking. The houses were falling down. People were leaving their houses and didn't know what to do. Everybody was running toward the port. I threw on my jacket and ran to the port, too. I managed to get on a cruise ship. It was leaving when the lava hit the town.

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H. You were lucky!

P2. Yeah.There are no words to express my pain and regret. All mixed up. People tried to run away from lava, but they could do nothing. It was very hot and it was hopeless to save. I will never forget that sight. It still faces my eyes.

H. Sorry. I made you to relive everything once more. Sorry. And now let give the

floor to our next guest who also survived the crash.

P3. Hi, everybody. My name is… . I was on a business trip in Tokyo, Japan. It was raining for some days and after prolonged rainfall the level of water in the river raised, nevertheless danger was not expected. But how I was mistaken. The next day I was awakened by a roar of running water. I jumped out of bed and felt that the room was full of dirty water that was coming through the windows, doors and ceiling. I didn't know what to do because looking out of the window I couldn't see the street, the flowers near the house. I saw a continuous stream of water with people, cars, animals rushing past the house. I was shocked. I was frightened. The worst thing was that nobody could help me.

H. Imagine your state!

P. No, you can't! The water was raising and was ready to carry me off my feet. I was half dead with fear and was ready to lose my consciousness. Suddenly I heard the voice of a man who invited me in a boat trying to save me. It was fate. The man saved me.

H.Well, I see that you are still under the impression experienced. So, we invited one guest more. It's …. psychologist who is going to give you some advice concerning survival in different disasters. You are welcome, Miss… .

Ps. Disasters occur with increasing frequency and we should be ready for them. What would I advise you to do when disaster begins?

First of all you should:

• switch off the light and electricity;

• take your documents and money;

• do not stand too close to windows;

• don't go out onto the balcony.

If an earthquake occurs you should leave the building.

If you can't do that get immediately under the biggest and strongest table in the room.

When shaking stops try to leave the building.

Don't use the lift.

If you are in the street do not stand near buildings, fences or walls - move away as quickly as possible and try to find a large open space to wait in.

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Don't stand under the trees, it can also be dangerous.

Keep yourself in the hands. Don't worry.

Keep presence of mind.

11.T.Of course, people try to survive, but it is very difficult. Human response in disaster is the question of great importance too. Sometimes there are different myths cncerning the human behavior in disaster.

Myth No.1 People in danger, panic

The idea of panic involves two things. First, loss of control leading to unthinking and impulsive behaviors. But experience and research show that panic is very rare in disasters. Normal people react to danger by doing the best they can for themselves and those with them. They may even make mistakes from lack of knowledge of confusion, which may even cost them of others their lives. But that is not panic.

The circumstances under which panic happens are when people do not have adequate information about what is happening, feel themselves to be trapped or a means of escape is blocked, and there is lack of leadership and direction. Even in these circumstances only a small number are likely to panic; the majority will take steps available to protect and comfort themselves.

Myth No.2 In the face of personal danger, people only think of themselves.

This is a popular theme in fictional disaster stories, where the selfish behaviour of most is a backdrop to the hero's generosity. However the majority of people in disasters, behave with responsibility and concern for other people. For example, helping save a

neighbour's house while their own burned.

Myth No. 3 Too much information is likely to scare people into behaving erratically.

It is true that if information is incomplete, vague, or ambiguous, its effect on

people will be unpredictable and often unhelpful. However, on the other hand it has been found that people are reluctant to believe in the reality of a threat which is unexpected and outside their ordinary experience. Some people refuse to be evacuated even when urged to do so by Police.

Myth No. 5 Children are not affected by disasters.

This view is based on the fact that children may show initial obvious signs like nightmares, fears and immature behaviour.Their awareness of events is closely related to the way their parents and other adults experience them. If the adults become frightened or confused, they often tend to keep their distress to

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themselves, while children express their problems in their behaviour when things are getting back to normal, or when they sense their parents are ready to cope with them.

Myth No. 6 That a community affected by a disaster will fall apart or never recover.

This belief originates in sensitivity to the far reaching social impact of a disaster. Of course, such a traumatic event causes permanent changes to the community. Communities, like healthy people, have a capacity to adapt to dramatic events and go on with life. Disaster stimulates great efforts on the part of community members. Often these results are in mutual conflict. .

Myth No. 7 Workers in the disaster situation are not affected by the disaster.

There is a natural tendency to separate people in a disaster situation into two groups:

a. Those affected, the `victims and

b. those not affected, the relief workers.

However, everybody entering the disaster setting becomes involved in emotionally powerful experiences. Seeing the destruction, hearing people's stories, the stress and confusion of the situation, can course health problems in workers or their families, some of which may not show up until a considerable time after the event.

12. Comparing the ecological situation in Ukraine and Great Britain and Donetsk.

13. Pupils' mini dialogues.

14. Quiz "Natural disasters in Ukraine"

1. What natural disaster occurred in Ukraine in 2008?

(Flood)

2. What natural disasters which are becoming more frequent in Ukraine?

(Floods, storms)

3. What are the courses of frequent floods in Zakarpattya?

( Deforestation)

4. What threatens the Southern coast of the Crimea?

(Chemical weapon since World War II)

5. What happened to the national routе "Kyiv - Chop" in 2008?

( It was blocked with mud sliding.)

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15, Ecological groups.

16. Work on situation. Imagine that you are the leader of our country. What would you do to save our planet?

P.If I were the leader of my country, I would ban cars because they cause too much air pollution. I can hardly breathe because of the traffic fumes. It makes me really ill.

People

should spend more time out- of - doors walking, going in for sports to be healthy but they can't. It's a pity.

P. If I were the leader of my country, I wouldn't allow hunters to kill endangered species.

I would stop whale hunting and fur hunting. I would stop destroying animals' habitats.

P. If I was the leader of my country, I would stop logging companies from destroying the rainforest and make logging companies' plant new trees. If they do that, we could save the rainforest and give all of us cleaner air to breath.

P .If I were the leader of the country, I would combine efforts of all nations, raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, set up an international laboratory to monitor the state of the environment.

P. If I were the leader of the country I would develop international cooperation to solve ecological problems and find right balance between people and nature.

P. If I were the leader of the country I would create green zones and reduce noise in the city, introduce pollution control systems, modify and redesign factories and plants and remove them from the city.

P.If I were the leader of the country I would widely use systems for cleaning and trapping

harmful substances on the plants and factories.

P.If I were the leader of the country, I would combine efforts of all nations, raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, set up an international laboratory to monitor the state of the environment.

P. If I were the leader of the country I would develop international cooperation to solve ecological problems and find right balance between people and nature.

16.

T. "Our generation has inherited an incredibly beautiful world from our parents and they - from their parents. It is in our hands whether our children and their children inherit the same world. We must not be the generation responsible for irreversible damaging the environment." (Richard Brandon)

There is a hope that people will begin to awaken and take care of our planet.

We should love the Earth and make it clean, beautiful, colourful and healthy.

17.Reciting poems about ecology.

-Walking along feeling fee;

- Ice and fire;

- She comes in beauty;

- Imagine there's no heaven;

18.Performing the song by Michel Jackson "What have they done to the Earth?"

( Video is added and pupils are singing).

19.Summing up.

20.Homework: Write a composition on the idiom "You never know the value of water until the well is dry."

Literature

1. O.Karpyuk "English Study" 11 form, 2001.

2. Ray Norris "Ready for First Certificate" Macmillan, 2005.

3. Bob Hustings "Exam Activator" Longman/ Pearson, 2012.

4. Tom Hutchinson "New Hotline"

5. I.P.Lisovets "Все уроки английського языка" Харков "Основа" 2009.

6. Macmillan "Ready for First Certificate" 2010

7.Тучина Н.В. "Speak English with pleasure"

17.

Dialogue 1

1. Good morning, A. I.

2. Good morning. What's up?

1. You know, it's my turn to work in the school yard. Let me go.

2. Oh, no. As far as I know you worked there yesterday. Today you should be present

at the lesson.

1. A.I. I saw a lot of garbage behind the school. If our head sees it… . I can't be

indifferent to nature.

2. Well. I couldn't think that you are so worried about nature.

1. Nature is our treasure and I can't but help save it.

2. Well, I can't but let such activist go and save our nature.

Dialogue 2.

1. Hello, N. Let's go to the pond. The weather is fine.

2. Hi. You look the very picture of health.

1. Why not. You know, I celebrated Epiphany on the pond Pesky and bathed in the ice

hole. There were so many people and we had a good time.

2. Well, I have no doubt about it. But did you look back when leaving the pond?

1. No.

2. But you should. If you looked back you could see mountains of garbage. You

polluted the nature, the water and they will not forgive you.

1. So, what is that?

2. Remember "We never know the worth of water till the well is dry" Try to keep our

environment clean, don't leave garbage everywhere, use special containers plastic

bags.You should think before doing things like that. Nature will be thankful to you.

Dialogue 3.

1. Hello, Ann. You are usually so cool, what's the matter? Your hairdo, that T-shirt,

jeans…. it's not your style of dressing. Can't understand. What has happened?

2. You are right, but don't you know that campaign "Help your native place" is taking

place?

1. Don't know. But even if I knew I wouldn't take part in it.To sweep, to dig and

something like that doesn't regard me. I am another bird flight.

2. How dare you say this way! Remember our last visit to the park. We didn't feel

comfortably there because of garbage. And it seemed to me that you weren't

indifferent either.

1. Sorry, I am wrong. I'll join you. Nature is our treasure and we should keep it and

take care of it.

QUIZ

1. What natural disaster occurred in Ukraine in 2008?

(Flood)

2. What natural disasters which are becoming more frequent in Ukraine?

(Floods, storms)

3. What are the courses of frequent floods in Zakarpattya?

( Deforestation)

4. What threatens the Southern coast of the Crimea?

(Chemical weapon since World War II)

5.

Rules of behavior

Disasters occur with increasing frequency and we should be ready for them. What would you advise our viewers to do when disaster begins.

a) during earthquakes

- quickly leave the building and move away from it into the open place;

- go away from high buildings, bridges, power lines and overpasses;

- beware of the debris, electrical wires;

- avoid any panic.

- switch off the light and electricity;

- take your documents and money;

- do not stand too close to windows;

b) during hurricane and storm

- tightly close the windows and doors;

- prepare emergency luminaires (luminaries) (electric lights, candles, etc.)

- create a two - three day supply of water, food, medicines and clothes.

- disconnect (turn off) the electricity, gas and water;

- listen the latest news.

c) during a fire

- notify the fire department by phone 101;

- specify the exact address of the fire that burns;

- find out if there are people in a burning building;

- inform people living next to a burning building about the fire to render all

possible assistance in the evacuation out of a burning building;

- when dealing with fire use extinguishes, fire hydrants, water, sand, blankets

and other handy tools.

Ecology. The Role of a Man.

- is the issue of major importance

- most pollution is caused by the actions of people

- most environment problems are due to a lack of care over

- more and more chemicals are used to increase the amount of food

- millions tones of rubbish are produced every year

- acid rains damage soils, vegetation, rivers and lakes

- cut down the trees to warm their houses

- make fires in the woods

- more and more animals loose their habitats

- pollute the air with fumes of cars

- use dangerous chemicals at home

- should be responsible for the results of their activities

- people cannot command nature except by obeying it

- shouldn't stand aside

- do everything possible to preserve everything they have

- take care of the environment

- think about future generations

- encourage their children to use what they have around to improve their lives

- have to change the way they live

- need to stop destroying the world and work hard to protect it

- try to save

- there are many simple things people can do in daily life

- work hard to stop the process of pollution

- look deep into future

- live in agreement /harmony/ with nature

- should study nature, love nature, stay close to nature

- to protect the beauty of nature for many years to come

- participate in ecological meetings / programmes

- control the level of pollution

- take measures to protect the destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty

- think about the ways to keep the animals safe

- solve the problems of big cities

They say "Study nature, love nature and stay close to nature. It will never fail you."

A tornado quickly blew through a neighborhood on the South Carolina coast early Friday and blew out windows, knocked down trees and heavily damaged ten homes.

The tornado touched down around 1 a.m. with maximum winds of 130 mph. It was on the ground for nearly 7 miles, according to the National Weather Service. No injuries or deaths were reported.

Most of the damage happened on Sonny Boy Lane, a neighborhood on Johns Island about a dozen miles west of Charleston. In that community, John Bercik awoke to heavy rain and jumped from his bed as "it started to howl like a train."

"When the roar started I was terrified. It was a very intense moment," Bercik said.

By the time he made it out of his bedroom door, the rest of the house was gone - walls blown in, roof missing and the floor spun and moved off the piers the home sat on. He had to find an umbrella to keep the rain off as he searched his living room for his cellphone.

Bercik's house was the most severely damaged. Others had trees on roofs or shingles blown off. Dozens of volunteers were helping cut damaged trees with chain saws. Officials said about 75 homes suffered some damage, such as shingles blown off roofs.

Meteorologists issued a tornado warning several minutes before the storm, and radar returns indicated a tornado in the area, blowing debris up to 20,000 feet high into the air.

Forecasters said several people in the area woke up to their smartphones screeching with a tornado warning.

The tornado was the only tornado reported in the U.S. in the past six days. Meteorologists said the biggest threat Friday was flooding from heavy rain and from onshore winds during high tides.

Crews had to help some people out of trapped homes, but no one was hurt, said James Ghi, a battalion chief with the St. John's Fire District.

QUIZ

1. What natural disaster occurred in Ukraine in 2008?

(Flood)

2. What natural disasters which are becoming more frequent in Ukraine?

(Floods, storms)

3. What are the courses of frequent floods in Zakarpattya?

( Deforestation)

4. What threatens the Southern coast of the Crimea?

(Chemical weapon since World War II)

5.

Disasters occur with increasing frequency and we should be ready for them. What would you advise our viewers to do when disaster begins.

• switch off the light and electricity;

• take your documents and money;

• do not stand too close to windows;

Human response in disaster is the question of great importance too. There are different myths concerning the human behavior in disaster.

Myth No.1 People in danger, panic

The idea of panic involves two things. First, loss of control leading to unthinking and impulsive behaviors. But experience and research show that panic is very rare in disasters. Normal people react to danger by doing the best they can for themselves and those with them. They may even make mistakes from lack of knowledge of confusion, which may even cost them of others their lives. But that is not panic.

The circumstances under which panic happens are when people do not have adequate information about what is happening, feel themselves to be trapped or a means of escape is blocked, and there is lack of leadership and direction. Even in these circumstances only a small number are likely to panic; the majority will take steps available to protect and comfort themselves.

Myth No.2 In the face of personal danger, people only think of themselves.

This is a popular theme in fictional disaster stories, where the selfish behaviour of most is a backdrop to the hero`s generosity. However the majority of people in disasters, behave with responsibility and concern for other people. For example,helping save a neighbour's house while their own burned.

Myth No. 3 Too much information is likely to scare people into behaving erratically.

It is true that if information is incomplete, vague, or ambiguous, its effect on people will be unpredictable and often unhelpful. However, on the other hand it has been found that people are reluctant to believe in the reality of a threat which is unexpected and outside their ordinary experience. Some people refuse to be evacuated even when urged to do so by Police.

Myth No. 5 Children are not affected by disasters.

This view is based on the fact that children may show initial obvious signs like nightmares, fears and immature behaviour.Their awareness of events is closely related to the way their parents and other adults experience them. If the adults become frightened or confused, they often tend to keep their distress to themselves, while children express their problems in their behaviour when things are getting back to normal, or when they sense their parents are ready to cope with them.

Myth No. 6 That a community affected by a disaster will fall apart or never recover.

This belief originates in a sensitivity to the far reaching social impact of a disaster. Of course, such a traumatic event causes permanent changes to the community. Communities, like healthy people, have a capacity to adapt to dramatic events and go on with life. Disaster stimulates great efforts on the part of community members. Often these results are in mutual conflict. .

Myth No. 7 Workers in the disaster situation are not affected by the disaster.

There is a natural tendency to separate people in a disaster situation into two groups:

a. Those affected, the `victims': and

b. Those not affected, the relief workers.

However,everybody entering the disaster setting becomes involved in emotionally powerful experiences. Seeing the destruction, hearing people's stories, the stress and confusion of the situation, can course health problems in workers or their families, some of which may not show up until a considerable time after the event.

ECOLOGY

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference in nature began to increase. And we should think that our planet Earth is only а tiny part of the universe, but nowadays it's the only place where we саn live.

People always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such а serious problem. People lived in rural areas and did not produce such amount of polluting agents that would cause а dangerous situation in global scale. With the development of overcrowded industrial highly developed cities, the problem has bесоmе more and more dangerous. Today our planet is in serious danger. Hole in the Ozon Layer, global warming, air and water pollution are the problems that threaten human lives оn the Earth.

In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, we must understand exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system are known as particulates. Particulates аге the small solid particles that you саn see through rays of sunlight. They аге products оf incomplete combustion in engines, for example: internal-combustion engines, road dust and wood smoke. Billions оf tons оf coal and оil аге consumed around the world every уеаr. When these fuels аге burnt, they produce smoke and other by-products, which is emitted into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke, given оff bу power plants and automobiles, but it is not enough. These chemical соmpounds undergo а series of chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight; as а result we have smog, mixture of fog and smoke.

Factories еmit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

Our forests are disappearing because they аге cut down оr burnt. If this trend continues, one day we won't have enough oxygen to breathe, we won 't see а beautiful green forest at аll.

The seas are in danger. They аге filled with poison: industrial and nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will bе аbе to live in aur seas.

Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant оr insect dies out forever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that аге alive today mау soon bесоmе extinct.

And even greater threats аге nuclear power stations. We аll know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster аге. Fortunately, it's not too late to solve these problems. We have the time, the money and even the technology to make оuг planet а better, cleaner and safer place. We саn plant trees and create parks for endangered animals. We саn recycle our wastes; persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities, because it is apparent that our careless use of fossil fuels and chemicals is destroying this planet. And it is now more than ever apparent that at the same time we are destroying our bоdies and our future.

Water pollution occurs mostly, when people overload the water environment such as streams, lakes, underground water, bays or seas with wastes or substances harmful to living beings.

Water pollution:

Water is necessary to life. All organisms contain it, some drink it and some live in it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure, and they cannot survive, if water contains toxic chemicals or harmful microorganisms. Water pollution kills large quantity of fish, birds, and other animals, in some cases killing everything in an affected area.

Pollution makes streams, lakes, and coastal waters unpleasant to swim in or to have а rest. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters mау be unsafe to eat. People who роlluted water саn bесоmе ill, if they drink polluted water for а long time, it mау develop cancer or hurt their future children.Тhе major water pollutants аге chemical, biological, and physical materials that lessen the water quality.

Тhе petroleum products,оil, fuel, lubrication, plastics, get into water bу accidental sрills from ships, tanker trucks and when there are leaks from underground storage tanks. Many petroleum products аrе poisonous for animals. Sрillеd оil damages the feathers of birds and the fur of aniri1als, often it causes death.

Pesticides and herbicides chemicals used to kill harmful animals and plants. If they реnetrate into streams, rivers, lakes, these chemicals саn bе very dangerous. Тhе chemicals саn remain dangerous for а long time. When an animal eats а plant that's been treated with it, the poisons are absorbed into the tissues and organs of the animals. When other animals feed оn а contaminated animal, the chemicals аге passed uр to them. As it goes uр through the food chain, the chemical becomes more harmful, so animals at the top of the food chains mау suffer cancers, reproductive problems, and death.

Nitrates саn cause а lethal form of anemia in infants. Тhе third class are heavy metals, such as, mercury, selenium, uranium, radium, cesium, etc. Тhеу get into the water from industries; automobile exhausts, mines, and natural soil. Неаvу metals also bесоmе more harmful as they follow the food chain. Тhеу accumulate in living being's cells and when they reach high levels of concentration in the organism, they саn bе extremely poisonous, or саn result in long - term health problems. Тhеу саn sometimes cause liver and kidney damage.

The fourth class is fertilizers and other nutrients used to promote plant growth оn farms and in gardens.

The fifth class is infectious organisms and pathogens. They enter water through sewage, storm drains, runoff from farms, etc.

The last one is thermal pollution. Water is often taken from rivers, lakes or seas to bе used in factories and power plants. The water is usually returned to the source warmer than when it was taken. Even а small temperature change in а body of water can drive away the fish and other species that were originally there, and attract other species in place of them. It breaks а bаlance and саn cause serious circumstances in future.

Today, however, major changes аrе taking place. People are conducting an unplanned global experiment bу changing the face of the entire planet. Wе аге destroying the ozone layer, which allows life to exist оn the Earth's surface. Аll of these activities аге unfavourably changing the composition of the biosphere and the Earth' s heat balance. If we do not slow down оur use of fossil fuels and stop destroying the forests, the world could bесоmе hotter than it has been in the past million years. Аverage global temperatures have risen 1 degree over the last century. If carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases continue to spill into the atmosphere, global temperatures could rise five to 10 degrees bу the middle оf the next century. Some areas, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, will dry out and а greater occurrence of forest fires will take place. At the present rate of destruction, most of the rain forests will bе gone bу the middle of the century. This will allow man-made deserts to invade оn once lush areas. Evaporation rates will also increase and water circulation patterns will change. Decreased rainfall in some агеаs will result in increased rainfall in others. In some regions, river flow will bе reduced or stopped аll together completely. Other areas will experience sudden downpours that create massive floods.

lf the present arctic ice melting continues, the sea could rise as much as 2 meters bу the middle of the next century.

Large areas of coastal land would disappear. Plants and other wildlife habitats might not have enough time to adjust to the rapidly changing climate. Тhе warming will rearrange entire biological communities and cause manу species to bесоmе died out.

The greenhouse effect and global warming both correspond with еасh other. Тhе greenhouse effect is recalled as incoming solar radiation that passes through the Earth's atmosphere but prevents much of the outgoing infrared radiation from escaping into outer space. It causes the overheat of the air and as аresult, we have the global warming effect. Аs you see, greenhouse effect and global warming correspond with еасh other, because without оnе, the other doesn't exist.

Discovery of the hole in the ozone layer showed that human activity has а major impact оn the Earth. The damage of ozone in the stratosphere high above the planet's surface has been brought about as the result of the wldespread use of chemicals, which under normal conditions аге chemical1y inert and harmless. The hole in the ozone layer is formed over the Antarctic continent each spring.

The pollution of air and the world's ocean, global warming, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man's careless interaction with nature, а sign of the ecological crises. The mоst horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986.

Environmental protection is а universal concern. That's why serious measures to create а system оf ecological security should bе taken.

Some progress hаve bееn already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries - members оf the UNO - have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences hаvе been held bу these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has bееn set uр оn Lake Baikal. Тhe international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life оn the planet not only for the sake оf the present but also for the future generations.