Контрольная работа по английскому языку в 9 классе

1. Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a - g) below.

a) This scans the screen.

b) Live television programmes show you what is happening as it happens.

c) Baird showed his set in 1926.

d) These pass into the TV set.

e) Scientists have been interested in the idea of television since the 1880s.

f) Now nearly every home has one.

g) These tiny flashes of colour build up the picture on your screen.

Television

Television is a way of sending sound and pictures through the air. (1) ___________ Although John Logie Baird was the first to show how television worked, his success was based on work by many other scientists from all over the world. (2) __________ The first television service opened in 1936 in Britain. Colour television began in the United States in 1956.

At first, all television was black and white. Few people owned television sets because they were very expensive. (3) ______________________________________

Television works by changing light waves into electric signals. This happens inside the TV camera. A picture of what is happening in front of the camera forms on a special behind the lens. Behind the screen is an electron gun. (4) _____________________ It moves from left to right to cover each part of the picture. Each part is turned into an electric signal which is made stronger, then sent to the transmitter as radio waves. They are picked up by home TV antennas and changed back into electric signals. (5)________

The TV screen is covered with tiny chemical dots. In a colour set, these are arranged in groups of three: one red, one blue, one green. At the back there are other electron guns. These fire a beam of electrons to scan the screen just as the camera gun does. As each electron hits the screen, it lights up a dot. (6)___________ You do not see lines of coloured flashing lights, because the electron gun moves too fast for the eye to follow. What you see is a picture of what is happening in the television studio.

(7)___________ Most programmes are recorded on film or videotape and sent out later.

2. Read the text and mark each sentence after it "T" for true, "F" for false, "NS" for not stated.

Stop talking rubbish about 3D printing

Pick up any technology magazine, and you'll find sentimental articles about how the world is going to be completely transformed by 3D printing - everyone from to the has . The ability to turn objects into data - to copy physical things - has led many people to predict an attack of 3D piracy. It has been written a lot about the criminal possibilities connected with the machines. Yesterday, the founder of Makerbot came out to say his product will "".

Having talked to a bunch of manufacturing engineers, I'm not so sure. All the enthusiasm for the "revolution" seems to come from journalist observers of the 3D printing scene, the companies offering the "revolutionary technology", and a handful of Lefty academics thrilled by the idea of abolishing property. People actually involved in manufacturing are not so sure that it's magic. Let's take a British example.

There was a huge internet furore a few months back when Games Workshop, a British toy soldier manufacturer, felt it had been the , and issued a takedown notice on a 3D printing pattern for a vehicle similar to one from its Warhammer 40,000 game. A huge wave of copying, a minefield of intellectual property issues, was predicted.

In actual fact, very little of that has happened.

Patterns for model soldiers exist on file-sharing sites like the Pirate Bay. However, the economics just don't support pirating on that scale. Unlike, say, pirating music, where the act of listening is free, printing out models costs money. A box of model soldiers goes for about , about - but the plastic to print them out at home currently costs around £35, and the most common printer - the Makerbot - costs about £2,000. So an epidemic of piracy seems unlikely. Printing is also a fairly exacting process - it takes time, effort, and often you get a pile of goo at the bottom of your machine rather than the thing you wanted. Widespread physical copying won't happen, in the same way that photocopiers didn't lead to an epidemic of photocopying books.

The technology just isn't there yet - even successful prints create models that look like they've been left on a radiator for a few hours. And if it's not good enough for model soldiers, it's certainly not good enough for things with complex moving parts. One engineer told me: "You have to appreciate how expensive and how specialised most factory tooling is. You can run a 3D Printer for six months and never make the same item twice."

He thought it would be 10 to 15 years before printers able to create factory-quality products would appear, and those ones able to do in metal would probably never make it into the home. He did, however, confidently predict being able to print out parts for his BMW on the factory level ones in a few years' time, but pointed out that those machines weren't going to drop below a million pounds a piece any time soon, and that even if they did, the materials to make the parts at the right tolerance for a car were incredibly expensive to buy.

None of the current methods of home 3D printing - the thermal fusing of plastic filaments, using UV light to cut polymer resin, depositing glue to bind resin powder, cutting and laminating paper, or even using a laser beam to fuse metal particles - are even close to reaching the standards a machine would require. It's all very well to upload weapon parts to the internet, but without the means to do metal you've printed yourself a cool accessory for your Halloween gangster costume - and if you're stupid enough to press the trigger, it's more likely to take your arm off than actually fire a bullet.

It strikes me that 3D printing is the microwave of manufacturing. If you look back at newspapers from the 1970s, people predicted that microwaves would be the only device in a kitchen, and that every dish would be microwaved. That never came to pass. Like microwaves, 3D printing will be important, but this isn't the industrial revolution that techno-libertarians would have you believe.

1) It seems 3D printing has been spoken and argued a lot about in the press.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

2) According to the founder of Makerbot 3D printing will make copying physical things possible.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

3) The revolutionary technology of the 3D printing will take place in the 21^st century.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

4) 3D printing will definitely encourage pirating objects.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

5) The quality of 3D copied objects is rather doubtful.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

6) It will take a quarter of a century to make 3D printing successful.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

7) 3D printing is technologically so difficult that it will never come home.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

8) 3D is comparable to microwaving in its history and development.

1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

3. Complete the sentences with the right forms of the words in brackets.

1) In (she) _________ album "A Girl Like Me" the singer wanted to say what a lot of young (woman) _____________ would like to say but don't know how to express (they) ________________ .

2) During the course of the (eighteen) ________________ century an Englishman, James Cook, completed not one, but three trips around the world. The (one) ______ trip uncovered the East coast of Australia and placed the New Zealand Islands firmly on the map.

3) Father. Look, I told you before, I'm not going to buy you a set of drums. It's useless to ask (I) ______ for (they) __________ .

Son. But Dad, I promise I'll only play (they) ________ while you're sleeping. (Joke)

4) "You call that music?" I suppose this phrase has been uttered from parents to (child) _____________ since the beginning of time.

5) You will learn to speak English (good) ___________ as you grow (old) _______ .

6) In Britain there are several working steam railways, the (famous) ______________ of which is undoubtedly the Bluebell Railway.

7) Did anyone help (she) ______ or did she do it all by (she) __________ ?

4. Choose the right form of the verb to make the sentences complete.

1) I can't give you John's article now. It (is translated/is being translated).

2) When your granny was a little girl, computer games (were not played/were not being played).

3) At the moment a new bridge (is built/is being built) across the river.

4) I can't give you any information about the project. It (is discussed/is being discussed) now.

5) Everybody was busy. The rooms (were prepared/were being prepared) for the arriving guests.

6) We couldn't get in because the rooms (were painted/were being painted).

Ответы:

1. 1 - e, 2 - c, 3 - f, 4 - a, 5 - d, 6 - g, 7 - b.

2. 1 - 1(T), 2 - 1(T), 3 - 3(NS), 4 - 2(F), 5 - 1(T), 6 - 1(T), 7 - 1(T), 8 - 1(T).

3. 1 - her, women, themselves;

2 - eighteenth, first;

3 - me, them, them,

4 - children;

5 - better, older;

6 - most famous;

7 - her, herself.

4. 1 - is being translated;

2 - were not played;

3 - is being built;

4 - is being discussed;

5 - were being prepared;

6 - were being painted.

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