АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила:

Перед каждым нарицательным существитель­ным должен стоять артикль.

Если вы не употребляете перед существитель­ным артикль, вы должны уметь

объяснить, по­чему.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существи­тельным стоит притяжательное

или указатель­ное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже,

количественное числи­тельное или отрицание "по" (не "not").

Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is ray sister's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 6. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 7. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 8. Give me ... chair, please. 9. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 10. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it.

Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем пе­ред ним неопределенный артикль а(аn). Упоми­ная этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим пе­ред ним определенный артикль the.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упр. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 2. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 3. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 4. Our ... room is large. 5. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 6. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 7. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 8. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 9. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 10. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting.

Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употреб­ляться только с исчисляемыми существитель­ными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или суще­ствительными во множественном числе неопре­деленный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

исчисляемое в единственном числе

This is S meat. The meat is fresh.

неисчисляемое

These are S books. The books are good.

множественное число

Упр. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice-cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. She bought... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 9. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 10. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sis­ter's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в кото­рых артикль не употребляется:

at S school at S home at S work

Упр. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no'... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. 12. Where is your ... broth­er? - He is at ... home.

Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и су­ществительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упр 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... milk, too. cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like

Упр. 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pen­cils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.

Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем j не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является един­ственным в мире

E.g. The sun is shining brightly.

в) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E.g. Put the book on the table.

Упр. 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What's ... weather like today? - ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult.

4. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 5. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 6. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 7. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

Упр. 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weath­er is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? - No, I am ... student.

Кроме того существует огромное количество так называемых "застывших словосочетаний," в ко­торых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции.

There is a ... Where is the ... ?

Запомните также следующие предложения:

The (book) is on the (table). Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)¹

Упр. 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is ... cat? -.. cat is on ... sofa. 2. Where is ... book? - .. book is on ... shelf. 3. Where are ... flowers? - ... flowers are in ...beautiful vase. 4. Where is.. vase? - ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 5. Open ... win­dow, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 6. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 7. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book.

¹ Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога "on" может быть любой другой предлог иди заменяющее его слово­сочетание, напр, "in front of".

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

in S front

Упр. 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is ... soup? - ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas-cooker. 2. Where are ... cut­lets? - ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... lit­tle plate. 3. There is no ... bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 4. There is ... little brown coffee-table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 5. Where is ... table in your ... room? 6. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother's ... room. 7. Is your brother at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. He works at ... big factory. He is ... engineer. 8. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 9. ... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.

Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:

I have a ... This is a ... I am а... Не has а ... That is а ... Не is а ... I see а ... It is а ... She is а ...

There is а ...

Упр. 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1, We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 2. My friend has ... very good computer. 3. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 4. There is ... very big piano in ... hall. 5. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It's ... bush. 6. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I learn at ... school. 7. My sister is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 8. This is ... very difficult question. I don't know ... answer to it. 9. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 10. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now?

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in the middle in the corner to the right to the left

Упр. 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 2. Where is ... table in your brother's ... room? - His ... table is near ... window. 3. I can see ... fine ... vase on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 4. We have no ... piano in our ... living-room. 5. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 6. I can see ... nice ... coffee-table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee-table. 7. Our ... TV-set is on ... little ... table in ... corner of ... room. 8. There is... beauti­ful picture in my father's ... study, ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window.

Упр. 13. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... living-room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing-table with ... looking-glass on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing-table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... car­pet is dark green. ... room is very cosy.

Если после конструкции there is (there are) сто­ит неисчисляемое существительное или суще­ствительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово "some."

Упр. 14, Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 2. There are ... cushions on ... sofa, 3. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 4. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? - There is ... butter in ... butter-dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 5. There is ... juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 6. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? - Oh, all ... boys are playing football at ... stadium.

Упр. 15. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I have ... colour TV-set. ... TV-set is on ... little table in ... corner of ... room. 2. There is ... book, ... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing-desk. 3. My ... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 4. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 5. Where is ... coffee-table in your ... room? - ... coffee-table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee-table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in the morning in the afternoon

in the evening at s_ night

А также:

to go to S bed to go to S_ work

to go to S_ school

Упр. 16. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morn­ing because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening. 2% ... weather was very bad in ... morning yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm. I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard. There were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard. We played in ... yard till late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate ... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ... night.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to go S_ home to come S_ home

to leave S home for S_ work (for S_ school) at S_ half past five at a quarter past five

Упр. 17. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My brother is ... pupil. He goes to ... school.He goes to ... school in ... morning. He has five or six ... lessons every day. In ... afternoon he goes ... home. At ... home he does his ... homework. In ... evening he reads ... books. He usually goes to ... bed at ... half past ten. At ... night he sleeps. 2. My father goes to ... work in ... morning and

comes ... home in ... evening. 3. I get up at ... half past seven in ... morning and go to ... bed at ... quarter to eleven in ... evening. 4. When does your mother leave ... home for ... work? - She leaves ... home for ... work at ... quarter past eight. 5. When do you leave ... home for ... school? - I leave ... home for ... school at... half past... eight.

Перед названиями месяцев и дней недели ар­тикль не употребляется.

School begins in S_ September. We rest on S_ Sunday.

Перед порядковыми числительными обычно употребляется определенный артикль.

Our classroom is on the second floor. Today is the tenth of May.

Упр. 18. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There are three rooms and ... kitchen in our new flat. 2. My new dress is made of ... silk. 3. If you want to write something on ... blackboard, you must have ... piece of ... chalk. 4. Are there any pupils in ... classroom? 3. I have ... new English book. ... book is very interesting. 6. There is ... garden in ... front of our school. ... garden is not large, but it is very nice. 7. ... May is ... fifth month of the year. 8. ... Saturday is ... sixth day of the week. 9. ... Sunday is ... day off.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

after S_ work from -S work

after S_ school from S school

Упр. 19. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My friends live in ... small town. It is ... new town. ... streets in ... town are broad and straight. There are ... beautiful buildings in them. ... town is very green, and so ... air is fresh. There are ... beautiful parks and gardens in ... town. ... people like to go there after ... work. In ... evening you can hear ... sounds of ... music from ... parks. There are ... schools, ... libraries, ... hospital, ... theatre, ... cinemas, ... polyclinics and ... kindergartens in ... town. 2. This is ... classroom. ... classroom is large and light. 3. There is ... picture on ... wall. 4. What is ... date today? It is ... seventh of ... December. 5. ... third lesson today is ... lesson of English. 6. Pete, go to ... blackboard. 7. After school I usually go ... home. 8. My father always comes from ... work late: at eight o'clock or at ... half past eight. But on ... Friday he comes ... home early: at half past four or at ... quarter to five. On ... Satur­day and on ... Sunday he does not go to ... work.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to have (cook, make, prepare) S_ breakfast

S_ lunch. ~S_ tea S_ dinner S_ supper

Упр. 20 Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I go to ... school in ... morning, so I get up early. I usually get up at ... quarter past seven. I go to ... bathroom, turn on ... water and wash my face and hands. My father and mother also get up early in ... morning. My mother works at ... of­fice. She is ... typist. My father is ... doctor. He works at ... polyclinic. We have ... breakfast in ... kitchen. We eat... porridge and ... eggs. We drink ... tea. My father and mother leave ... home for ... work at ... half past eight. My father goes to ..\ polyclinic, and my mother goes to ... office. I don't leave ... home with my parents: ... school where I learn is near our house. I leave ... home for ... school at ... quarter to nine. My granny stays at ... home and cooks ... dinner. I have ... lunch at ... school after ... third lesson. My father and mother have ... lunch at ... work. When we come ... home, we have ... dinner.

Упр. 21. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Every day my husband goes to ... work, my son goes to ... school and I go to ... institute.

2. There is ... new school at... corner of our street.

3. My daughter came ... home from ... school on ... Monday and said to me: "There will be ... parents' meeting on ... tenth of February at six o'clock in ... evening." 4. ... teacher told us ... very interest­ing story at ... lesson. 5. When ... bell rang, ... pupils went into ... classroom. 6. We are usually at ... school from nine o'clock in ... morning till two o'clock in ... afternoon. 7. We don't go to ... school on ... Sunday.

Запомните следующие

застывшие словосочета-

ния:

after S breakfast

before S breakfast

after S lunch

before S_ lunch

after S tea

before S tea

after S_ dinner

before S dinner

after S supper

before S_ supper

at S_ breakfast

for S_ breakfast

at S lunch

for S lunch

at S tea

for S tea

at S dinner

for S dinner

at s_ supper

for S_ supper

Упр. 22. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо,

1. What do you do after ... breakfast? - After ... breakfast I go to ... school. 2. My granny likes • to read ... book after ... lunch. 3. ... people usually have ... breakfast in ... morning. They have) ... dinner in... afternoon. In ... evening ... people have ... supper. 4. There is a proverb: "After ... dinner sleep awhile, after ... supper walk ... mile. 5. Who cooks ... dinner in your family? 6. Yesterday la­ther told us ... very interesting story at ... break­fast. 7. What did you have for ... lunch at... school on ... Wednesday? - We had ... salad and ... tea. 8. My mother never has ... supper with ... family because she does not like to eat in ... evening. 9. When do you clean your teeth in ... morning: before ... breakfast or after ... breakfast?

Упр. 23. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо,

1. For ... breakfast I have ... coffee with ... milk and ... sugar. I have ... jam, too. There are ... different things on ... dinner-table. There is ... bread, ... butter and ... ham. There are ... cups and ... glasses there. There is ... jug on ... table. ... milk in ... jug is hot. There is ... tea-pot on ... table. There is ... tea in ... tea-pot. ... tea is hot, too. There are ... plates, ... forks and ... knives on ... table. 2. ... lamp is on ... table. 3. There is ... lamp on ... table. 4. Is there ... lamp on ... table? 5. Is ... lamp on ... table? 6. Is there ... clock on ... wall? 7. There are two ... shelves on ... wall. 8. Where are ... shelves? - ... shelves are on ... wall. 9. They have ... large flat. There are ... four rooms in ... flat. 10. Is ... newspaper on ... table? 11. Is there ... newspaper on ... table? 12. There is ... butter on ... plate. 13. Where is ... butter?

... butter is on ... little plate. 14. There is ... white and ... brown bread on ... table.

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочетание

to watch S_ TV

Упр. 24. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... aunt and my ... uncle are ... doctors. They work at ... hospital. They get up at seven o'clock in ... morning. They go to ... bed at eleven o'clock. 2. I work in ... morning and in ... after­noon. I don't work in ... evening. I sleep at ... night. 3. When do you leave ... home for ... school? - I leave ... home at ... quarter past eight in ... morning. 4. What does your mother do after ... breakfast? - She goes to ... work. 5. Is there ... sofa in your ... living-room? - Yes, there is ... cosy little ... sofa in ... living-room. - Where is ... sofa? - It is in ... corner of ... room to ... left of ... door. I like to sit on this ... sofa in ... front of ... TV-set in ... evening. 6. There is ... nice coffee-table near ... window. There are ... newspapers on ... coffee-table. 7. There is ... tea in ... glass. 8. When do you watch ... TV? - I watch TV in ... evening. We have ... large colour TV-set in our ... room. There is ... beautiful vase on ... TV-set. There are ... flowers in ... vase. 9. I have ... large writ­ing-desk in ... study. There is ... paper on ... writ­ing-desk. My ... books and ... exercise-books are on ... writing-desk, too.

Упр. 25. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Pete has ... small family. He has ... father and ... mother. He has no ... brother, but he has ... sister. His sister is ... pupil. She is ... good girl. She has ... many Russian books, but she has no ... English books. 2. There is ... writing-desk in ... room. ... writing-desk is good. There is ... lamp on ... writing desk. 3. My uncle has ... large family. They are six in ... family. 4. My father is ... engi­neer. He works at ... big factory. 5. We have ... good library. Our books are in ... big bookcase. 6. Is your sister ... married? 7. What do you do after ... breakfast? - I go to ... school. 8. When do you come ... home? - I come ... home at ... half past two. 9. Do you like to watch TV in ... evening?

Если перед существительным стоит вопроси­тельное или относительное местоимение, ар­тикль опускается

E.g. What S_ colour is your cat?

I want to know what S_ book you are reading.

Упр. 26. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What ... colour is your new ... hat? - It's ... red. 2. Is there ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? 3. Where is ... refrigerator in your ... kitchen? -• It is in ... corner of ... kitchen. 4. There are ... flowers in our ... living-room. ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 5. I have ... tea in my ... cup. 6. He has no ... coffee in his ... cup. 7. What ... book did you take from ... library on ... Tuesday? 8. I have ... books, ... exercise-books and ... pens in my ...

bag. 9. I am ... engineer. I work at ... office. I go to ... office in ... morning. As ... office is far from ... house I live in, I take ... bus to get there. 10. What ... bus do you take to get to ... work? 11. Whose ... pen is this?

Упр. 27. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My friend's ... flat is very comfortable. There are ... three rooms in ... flat: ,.. living-room, ... study and ... bedroom. ... living-room is not very large. ... walls in ... living-room are blue. There are ... pictures on ... walls. There is ... table in ... middle of ... room with some chairs around it. To ... left of ... door there is ... sofa. Near ... sofa there are ... two large armchairs. They are very comfortable. There is ... piano in my friend's liv-irg-room. ... piano is to ... right of ... door. ... bedroom and ... study are small. ... furniture in ... flat is brown.

Упр. 28. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Here is ... large window. Through ... window we can see ... room. Opposite ... window there is ... door. On ... door there is ... curtain. In ... corner of ... room there is ... round table. On it we can see ... books and ... telephone. There is ... bookshelf over ... table. On ... bookshelf we can see ... newspapers and ... book by ... Jack London. There are ... two ... pictures in ... room. One ... picture is small, ... oilier picture is very large. There are ... two book­cases in ... room. ... bookcases are full of ... books. There is ... large sofa in ... room. On ... sofa we can see ... bag. Whose ... bag is that? There is no ... bed in ... room. On ... small table near ... window there are ... flowers and ... glass of ... water. In ... front of ,.. window we can see ... armchair.

Перед названиями наук, учебных предметов и языков артикль не употребляется.

E.g. He studies S_ chemistry. I speak S_ English.

Упр. 29. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. When my grandfather was ... young man, he studied ... physics. 2. Do you speak ... Spanish? 3. My uncle is ... great specialist in ... biology. 4. ... Japanese is more difficult than ... French. 5. We listened to ... very interesting lecture on ... English literature yesterday. 6. Yesterday at ... lesson of ... geography ... teacher told us ... very interesting things about ... famous travellers. 7. My father speaks ... English and ... French, but he does not speak ... German. 8. We had ... lesson of ... mathematics yesterday. We wrote ... test-paper in ... mathematics. ... teacher said: "I shall correct... test-papers in ... evening. Tomorrow you will know ... results".

Упр. 30. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I study ... English. I attend ... English classes in ... evening. On ... days when I have no ... classes, I stay at ... home and do some work about ... house. I have ... dinner with my ... family. After ... dinner I talk to ... members of my ... family, watch ... TV and read ... books, ... newspapers and ... magazines. I go to ... bed late at ... night. 2. I am thirsty. Give me ... water, please. 3. There is ... book on ... table. Give me ... book, please.

Если после названия языка hp стоит слово "language". В противном случае употребляется определенный артикль. E.g. . Chinese is difficult.

The Chinese language is difficult.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to play S_ chess to play S_ football

out of

to play the piano to play the guitar

doors

Упр. 31. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо

1. Do you play ... piano? 2. There is ... big black piano in our living-room. It is at ... wall to ... left of ... door opposite ... sideboard. My mother likes to play ... piano. She often plays ... piano in ... evening. 3. ... boys like to play ... football. 4. What do you do in ... evening? - I often play ... chess with my grandfather. 5. Where are ... children? - Oh, they are out of ... doors. ... weather is fine today. They are playing ... badminton in ... yard. 6. What ... games does your sister like to play? - She likes to play ... tennis. 7. Do you like to play ... guitar? 8. What ... colour is your guitar?

Упр. 32. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

When we want to write ... letter, we take .... piece of ... paper and ... pen. We first write our-... ad­dress and ... date in ... right-hand corner. Then on ... left-hand side we write ... greeting. We may write, for instance, "My dear brother," "Dear Henry," etc., and then on ... next line we begin ... real letter. We must not forget to leave ... ">Запомните, что перед обращением артикль опус­кается.

E.g. What are you doing, S_ children?

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

in a loud voice

in a low voice

in an angry voice

in a thin voice

in а ... voice

Упр. 33. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

It was... hot day. ... sun was shining brightly in ...blue sky. ... wolf and ... lamb met at ... stream. ... water in ... stream was cool and clear. ... wolf saw that ... lamb was fat and wanted to eat it. He began to shout: "You, ... fool, you are making ... water dirty!" ... lamb was afraid. It looked at ... wolf and said in ... thin voice: "But, ... Mr. Wolf, I cannot make ... water dirty for you from ... place where I am standing, because ... stream runs from you to me." "Stop talking!" shouted ... wolf in ... angry voice. "I know you! I met you six months ago, and you were very rude to me." "You are wrong, ... Mr. Wolf," cried ... lamb, "you could not meet me six months ago: I am only four ... months old." "Never mind," said ... wolf, "if it wasn't you, it was your brother." And with these ... words he seized ... poor lamb and carried it into ... wood.

Запомните, что перед превосходной степенью прилагательных употребляется определенный артикль.

E.g. Asia is the largest continent.

My brother is the best pupil in his class.

Упр. 34. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Bill Robins was ... very rich man. He was ... richest man in ... village. 2. Pete is ... tallest boy in our class. Nick is ... shortest boy, but he is very ... strong. He is ... stronger than many boys who are ... taller than he. I think Nick is ... strongest boy in ... class. 3. Granny often tells us ... long stories. Today her story was still... longer. It was ... longest story. She began telling it after ... dinner and finished only before ... supper. But ... story was very interesting. I think it was ... most interesting of Granny's sto­ries. 4. Which was ... most difficult exercise in ... test-paper? 5. Which is ... best season of the year? 6. February is ... shortest month of the year. 7. Do you know ... longest river in our country? 8. In ... May ... days are ... longer than in ... April.

Запомните правила употребления артикля с гео­графическими названиями.

Определенный артикль употребляется перед на­званиями рек, каналов, морей, заливов, проли­вов, океанов, архипелагов, горных цепей.

Артикль не употребляется перед названиями озер, гор, островов, континентов, городов, стран.

Исключения:

the United States of America

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland the Netherlands the Ukraine the Crimea the Congo.

Упр. 34. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.... Moscow is situated on ... Moscow River. ... Moscow is a river that moves very slowly. There is ... canal called ... Moscow-Volga Canal which joins ... Moscow to ... Volga. ... Volga runs into ... Cas­pian Sea. 2. Several rivers run into ... sea at... New York. ... most important is ... Hudson River which empties into ... Atlantic Ocean. Besides ... Hudson there are ... two other rivers: ... East Riv­er and ... Harlem River. 3. In ... Siberia there are many long rivers: ... Ob, ... Irtysh, ... Yenissei, ... Lena and ... Amur. 4. ... Altai Mountains are ... higher than ... Urals.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in the north in the south in the east in the west

to the north to the south to the east to the west

Упр. 36. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Neva flows into ... Gulf of ... Finland. 2. ... Pacific Ocean is very deep. 3. ... Urals are not very high. 4. ... Kazbek is ... highest peak of ... Cauca­sus. 5. ... Alps are covered with ... snow. 6. ... Shet­land Islands are situated to ... north of ... Great Britain. 7. ... USA is ... largest country in ... Amer­ica. 8. ... Crimea is washed by ... Black Sea. 9. ... Lake Baikal is ... deepest lake in ... world. 10. ... Paris is ... capital of ... France. 11. Lomonosov was born in ... small village on ... shore of ... White Sea. 12. Gogol was born in ... Ukraine in 1809. 13. ... Caucasus separates ... Black Sea from ... Caspian Sea. 14. ... Europe and ... America are sep­arated by ... Atlantic Ocean. 15. ... Baltic Sea is stormy in winter. 16. There are many small islands in ... Pacific Ocean. 17. ... North Sea separates ... British Isles from ... Europe. 18. ... Balkans are old mountains. 19. ... Nile flows across ... north-east­ern part of ... Africa to ... Mediterranean Sea. 20. Which are ....highest mountains in ... Russia?

Упр. 37. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Thames is ... short river. 2. ... Russia is washed by ... Arctic Ocean in ... north. 3. Kiev is to ... south of ... Moscow. 4. ... Europe is ... conti­nent. 5. ... Moscow is ... capital of ... Russia. 6. Is ... Asia ... island or ... continent? 7. ... Black Sea is in ... south of our country. 8. ... White Sea is in ... north of our country, 9. This is ... map of ... world. What can you see on ... map? What ... col­our are ... valleys on ... map? 10. Petrov is ... architect. He is ... experienced architect. He is in ... Far East. He has ... wife. His wife is ... typist. They have ... son and ... daughter. 11. ... Philip­pines are situated to ... south-east of ... Asia.

Упр. 38, Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. It is ... good pen. ... pen is black. It is on ... table. 2.1 have got... dog. ... dog's name is Spot. He is ... big grey dog. ... dog is very strong. 3. My friend has ... sister. Her name is Ann. ... girl is... pupil. 4. We have ... picture in ... living-room. ... picture is very good. It is on ... wall. 5. ... Irish Sea is between ... Great Britain and ... Ireland. 6. There is ... map on ... wall of ... classroom. It is ... map of ... world. There are many seas and lakes on ... map. This is ... Mediterranean Sea and that is... Red Sea. These are ... Himalayas. They are ... highest mountains in ... world. 7. We live in ... St. Petersburg. ... St. Petersburg is ... very large city. It is one of ... largest cities in ... Russia. 8. My brother is ... doctor. His flat is in ... centre of ... city. It is in ... new house. There are three rooms in... flat. ... living-room is .. largest of all. It is ... nice light room. There are ... pictures on ... walls. There is ... round table in ... middle of ... room. There is ... sofa at ... wall with ... large thick car­pet in ... front of it. ... study and ... bedroom are small, but very comfortable.

Упр. 38.a Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Russia occupies ... eastern half of ... Eu­rope and ... northern third of ... Asia. 2. ... climate of ... northern part of ... Russia is severe. 3. This winter is ... true Russian winter with ... hard frosts. 4. It is warm in ... Crimea and ... Cau­casus. 5. ... Washington is ... capital of ... United States of America. 6. I want to go to ... New York some day. 7. ... best way to know and understand ... people of ... other countries is to meet them in their own homes. 8. Is ... Australia ... island or ... continent? 9. ... Red Sea is between ... Africa and ... Asia. 10. There are six continents in ... world, 11. ... France is to ... north of ... Italy.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to have a good time

from S_ morning till S _ night

all S_ day long

a lot of

Упр. 40. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Did you have ... good time in the country? - Oh yes. ... weather was fine. We were out of ... doors from ... morning till ... night. We played ... football, ... volley-ball and ... other games. We came ... home late at ... night and went to ... bed at once. 2. Look at ... clock! It is ... quarter past ten. Go to ... bed at once. 3. ... sun rises in ... east and sets in ... west. 4. We spent last summer in ... Ukraine, in ... little village on ... bank of ... big river with ... very warm water. There was ... wood on ... other side of ... river. We often went to ... wood and gathered ... lot of ... mushrooms. 5. My friend likes to play ... chess. He is ready to play ... chess all ... day long. He is ... best chess player in our school.

Перед названиями университетов артикль не употребляется.

E.g. I shall study at S_ St. Petersburg University.

My grandfather graduated from S_ Oxford University

Упр. 41, Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Teckle comes from ... very old country on ... Nile. It is called ... Ethiopia. ... Ethiopia is ... beau­tiful mountainous country. Teckle is ... young man. He wants to become ... engineer. He is very happy to be ... student of ... St. Petersburg University. He spends ... lot of time at ... library reading and studying different subjects. Very often in ... evening his new friends and he walk about ... city talking about their native countries. 2. Galina lives in ... Ukraine. She lives in ... small village near ... Odessa. She is ... librarian. In summer she has ... lot of ... work: she takes ... newspapers and ... magazines to ... people who work in the fields. Galina wants to enter ... Moscow University and now she is preparing for ... entrance examinations. 3. My friend lives in ... America. He is ... student. He studies ... history at ... Harvard University.

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

What's the use?

Упр. 42. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once there lived ... man who was very fond of ... gold. He used to say: "While I have my gold, I am ... happiest man in ... world." And so all his life he saved ... money. One day he was travelling in ... desert of ... North Africa. He lost his way. He had no ... food or ... water. He was almost dying of ... hunger. He was so weak that he could not walk, he could only crawl. ... heat was terri­ble. There were only ... stones and ... sand around. Just then he saw ... bag lying on ... sand. He hoped that he would find ... food in it and ... water, too, He crawled up to ... bag and opened it. He saw that ... bag was full of ... gold. What is ... use of ... gold to ... hungry man in ... desert? He left ... bag on ... hot sand, crying bitterly: "I am ... most unhappy man in ... world."

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to the cinema to the theatre to the shop to the market

at the cinema at the theatre at the shop at the market

to go for a walk

Упр. 43. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Let's go to ... shop. I must buy ... bread and ... milk. 2. I was at ... cinema yesterday. - What ... film did you see? - Oh, I saw ... very good film. I think it is ... best film of ... year. 3. Do you often go to ... theatre? - No, I don't. I like to go to ... theatre, but I am very busy. I work from ... morn­ing till ... night. I even have no ... time to play ... piano. 4. Oleg has ... lot of ... interesting books at ... home. 5. ... lot of ... tourists from ... different countries come to ... St. Petersburg. They want to see one of ... most beautiful cities in ... world. 6. My new friend said to me: "I am ... student of ... first course." 7. We went to ... cinema in ... evening. 8. What ... foreign languages does your father speak? - He speaks__English. He studied ... Eng­lish at ... school. 9. I am interested in ... history.

10. We played ... tennis at ... lesson of ... physical training yesterday. We had ... good time. 11. Did you go for ... walk yesterday? - No, we didn't. ... weather was bad, and we went to ... cinema. 12. What are your friends doing? - Mary is play­ing ... piano. Tom and Nick are playing ... chess.

Упр. 44. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once there lived ... king. His name was Midas. He had ... little daughter. They lived in ... beauti­ful palace with ... wonderful garden around it. Now ... king was very fond of ... gold. He loved ... gold more than anything else in ... world. One day, when ... king was looking at his gold, ... young man appeared before him. "You are ... very rich man, Midas," said ... young man. "Yes," said ... king, "but I would like to be richer. I would like to have ... golden touch. I want everything that I touch to turn into ... gold." ... young man was ... magician, and he gave ... king ... golden touch which he want­ed to have. ... king was very happy. He touched ... table, and ... table became gold. He went into ... garden. There were ... beautiful roses in ... gar­den. He touched ... roses, and they also became gold. ... king's daughter, who loved ... roses very much, saw it and began to cry. "Don't cry, ... dear daughter," said ... king and touched his daugh­ter's head. ... next moment ... girl turned into ... beautiful gold statue.

Упр. 45. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Three men came to ... New York for ... holiday. They came to ... very large hotel and took ... room there. Their room was on ... forty-fifth floor. In ... evening ... friends went to ... theatre and came back to ... hotel very late. "I am very sorry," said... clerk of ... hotel, "but ... lifts do not work to­night. If you don't want to walk up to your room, we shall make ... beds for you in ... hall." "No, no," said one of ... friends, "no, thank you. We don't want to sleep in ... hall. We shall walk up to our room." Then he turned to his friends and said: "It is not easy to walk up to ... forty-fifth floor, but we shall make it easier. On ... way to ... room I shall tell you some jokes; then you, Andy, will sing us some songs; then you, Peter, will tell us some interesting stories." So they began walking up to their room. Tom told them many jokes; Andy sang some songs. At last they came to ... thirty sixth floor. They were tired and decided to have ... rest. "Well," said Tom, "now it is your turn, Pe­ter. After all ... jokes, I would like to hear ... sad story. Tell us ... long and interesting story with ... sad end." "... story which I am going to tell you," said Peter, "is sad enough. We left ... key to our room in ... hall."

Запомните следующие конструкции:

The famous English writer Dickens lived in the 19th century. Dickens, a famous English writer, lived in the 19th century.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

on S_ horseback on S_ board a ship

Упр. 46. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Swift, ... famous English writer, was travelling one day on ... horseback with his servant. ... weath­er was bad, it was raining, and ... roads were mud­dy. In ... evening the two¹ men came to ... inn. Before going to ... bed Swift told his servant to clean his boots. But ... servant was lazy and did not do it. In ... morning Swift asked ... servant why he had not cleaned ... boots. "What's ... use cleaning ... boots now?" said ... servant. "... roads are muddy, and ... boots will soon be dirty again." "All right," said ... writer. "Let's go. We must continue ... journey." "But I haven't had ... break­fast," said ... displeased servant." "Well, what's ... use giving you ... breakfast now?" said Swift: •'You will soon be hungry again."

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in S_ fact

the same

Запомните употребление артикля в восклицатель­ных предложениях, начинающихся со слова "what":

What a good boy! What a long story! What a day!

¹ Обратите нниманик на употребление определенного артик­ля перед количественным числительным. В этом случае опре­деленный артикль имеет значение "эти": "Эти двое мужчин;" "Эти дна человека".

Упр. 47. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In ... small town in ... East there was once .., man who had ... parrot. ... parrot was taught to say ... words: "There is no doubt about it." It used to repeat these words all ... day long. Every time it was asked ... question, it gave ... same answer, "There is no doubt about it." One day ... man decided to sell ... bird; so he put ... parrot into .., cage and went to ... market with it. "Twenty pounds for ... very clever parrot!" he cried. ... man who was passing by heard this and turned to ... parrot "Are you worth twenty pounds?" he asked. "There is no doubt about it!" answered ... parrot. "What ... clever parrot!" said ... man and bought ... bird, He took ... parrot home and invited his friends to look at ... clever bird. ... friends came and looked at ... parrot and talked to it. Now you must know that ... man was not rich. In ... fact, he was often short of ... money. So ... week or two later, sitting in ... armchair and looking at ... parrot, he said: "What ... fool I was to throw away such ... lot of ... money!" "There is no doubt about it!" cried .., parrot. And this time ... bird was right.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

it's S_ high time to take S_ care of to take S_ aim such a ...

Упр. 48. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... crow once said to her children: "It's ... high time for you to look for ... food." With these words she turned them out of ... nest and took them to ... field. But ... crow's children did not like ... idea. "We'd rather go back to ... nest," they cried. "It's so nice when you bring ... food to us!" "Indeed!" said their mother. "You are big enough to feed yourselves. My mother turned me out of ... nest when I was much younger, and I had to take ... care of myself." "But ... people will kill us with their guns," said ... young crows. "No ... fear of that," answered their mother. "Before ... people shoot, they take ... aim, and that takes ... time. When you see ... man raising ... gun to his face, you must just fly away." ."That's ... sim­ple thing to do," said ... children, "but supposing ... man or... boy wants to throw ... stone at us: in such ... case he won't have to take ... aim." "Well, then he will have to bend down to pick up ... stone," said ... crow. "But what if he carries ... stone in his hand ready?" "Why, if you are clever enough to think of that," said ... mother, "you are clever enough to take ... care of yourselves." And she flew away leaving ... young crows in ... field.

Упр. 49. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Is this ... interesting book? Is this ... very interesting book? Is this ... very interesting book you have spoken about so much? It is such ... in­teresting book. Is it ... same book you have recom­mended to us? 2. She is ... teacher. She is ... good teacher. She is ... teacher of our school. She is ... teacher of ... English. Here is ... teacher, ask her about ... question which interests you. 3. There is ... word in ... text which I cannot understand. There is... very difficult word, too, which I cannot pro nounce. Here is ... word I was looking up in the dictionary. This word is ... adverb. 4. ... first men wore vegetarians. 5. Serfdom was abolished in ... Russia in ... 19th century. 6. Columbus, who dis­covered ... America, was ... native of ... Genoa, 7. ... Rome is ... ancient town. 8. ... Ireland, .., Scotland and ... Wales are parts of ... United King­dom.

Упр. 50. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... Russia is such ... large country that when it is night in one part of ... country, it is day in another part, when it is winter in one part of ... country, it is already summer in another. Imagine it is ... beginning of ... May now. It is spring in ... St. Petersburg. ... weather is fine. It is still cool at ... night, but it is quite warm in ... afternoon. It sometimes rains, but... rain is warm, too. ... ground is covered with ... soft green grass, and ... trees are covered with ... green leaves. But while it is spring in St. Petersburg, it is still winter in ... north of our country at ... beginning of ... May, Here it is cold and sometimes frosty, ... rivers and ... seas are covered with ... ice. ... ice does not melt in some places even in summer. ... ground is covered with ... deep snow. In ... south of our coun­try ... weather is quite different. It is already sum­mer in ... Caucasus and in ... Crimea. It is much warmer than in St. Petersburg. It is sometimes even hot. ... sky is usually cloudless and it seldom rains here. People wear ... summer clothes.

Упр. 51. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... train stopped at ... little station. ... passenger looked out of the window of ... train carriage and, saw ... woman selling ... cakes. ... man had not had.'... breakfast in ... morning. He was hungry and wanted to buy... cake. ... woman was standing rather far from ... carriage. ... man did not want to go and buy ... cake himself because he was afraid to miss ... train. He saw ... boy who was walking along ... platform near... carriage. He called ... boy and asked him: "How much does ... cake cost?" "Three pence, sir," answered ... boy. ... man gave him a sixpence and said: "Bring me ... cake, and with ... other three­ pence buy... cake for yourself." ... boy took ... money and went to ... woman. A few minutes later ... boy returned. He was eating ... cake. He gave ... man three pence change and said: "... woman had only one cake, sir."

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

The fact is (was) that ...

Обратите внимание на употребление артикля со словом other (другой):

another - другой (неопределенный), какой-то другой, еще один (во множественном числе или перед неисчисляемым существительным - other.)

the other - другой (определенный), тот дру­гой, другой из двух.

Упр. 52. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... group of ... farmers were sitting in ... village house, and among ... other things they began talk­ing about ... echoes. One of ... farmers said that there was ... wonderful echo in ... field near his farm where there was ... large group of ... trees. All ... other farmers said that they would like to hear ... echo, and ... farmer invited them to come ... next afternoon. But ... fact was that ... farmer did not really have ... echo he had told ... other farmers about. So when he came ... home, he sent for ... son of ... cook and told him to go to ... field, hide himself among ... trees and imitate every­thing that was said. ... next day ... other farmers came, and ... farmer took them to ... field to listen to ... wonderful echo. When they were in ... field, he shouted at ... top of his yoice: "Are you there?" The answer came back: "Yes, I've been here for two hours!"

Упр. 53. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

It was ... nice summer day. ... weather was fine, ... sun was shining in ... blue sky, ... air was fra­grant with ... smell of ... grass and ... flowers. ... dog which was running about ... streets of ... little town saw ... butcher's ... stall with ... lot of ... meat. ... dog cautiously approached ... stall and, when ... butcher turned away to talk to ... woman, quickly seized ... big piece of ... meat and ran away with it. On ... way home ... dog had to cross ... stream by ... narrow bridge. As he was crossing,_£ he looked down into ... stream and saw his reflec-| tion in ... water. He though it was ... other dogf with ... other piece of ... meat. He snapped at ... reflection and dropped his own piece of ... meat. That's how ... dog was punished for ... greediness.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

after a while

from S place to S place

Упр. 54. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... guide was once showing ... group of ... rich American tourists ... places of ... interest in ... little town in ... south of ... Italy. He took ... tour­ists from ... place to ... place, but as ... town was small, after ... while ... guide could not think of anything that might be of ... interest to ... Amer­icans. "Tell us something unusual about ... weath­er or ... climate of this place," said ... American lady to ... guide. "What can I tell her about our climate?" thought ... guide. Then he had ... idea. "Well," he said, "there is one unusual thing about our climate. One can easily notice that the wind here always blows from ... west." "Really?" said ... lady in ... surprised tone: "What ... interesting thing!" But ... other tourist said: "You must be wrong. Look!... wind is blowing from ... east now!" At... first moment ... guide did not know what to say. But he was ... clever man and soon found ... way out. "Oh," he said, "is that so? Well, then it must be ... west wind coming back."

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

It was S_ morning

It was night

It was S_ daytime

It was evening

Упр. 55. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Once ... Frenchman was travelling in ... Swe­den. He stopped at ... hotel in ... little Swedish town. It was ... evening, ... man was tired, so he went to ... bed at once. In ... morning he had ... breakfast in ... hotel restaurant. After ... break­fast he went for ... walk. He walked along ... streets of ... town, visited ... museum and ... shops. Presently he felt hungry and dropped into ... cafe for ... lunch. He sat down at ... table, called ... waiter and ordered ... mushrooms. But... French­man did not know ... Swedish and ... waiter did not know ... French. Nobody in ... cafe could speak ... French. Then ... Frenchman took ... piece of ... paper and ... pencil and drew the picture of ... mushroom. ... waiter looked at ... picture and left ... room at once. Five minutes later he returned with ... umbrella.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

at S_ sunrise at S_ sunset

in the country to the country

by S_ bus by S_ tram by S_ train by S_ car

in S_ town to S_ town

Упр. 56. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

On ... Sunday our family went to ... country. We got up at ... sunrise and quickly had ... breakfast. After ... breakfast we left ... home. There is ... lit­tle village not far from ... St. Petersburg where we have ... friends. We went thereby ... train. We had ,.. very good time in ... country. ... weather was fine. ... sky was blue and ... sun was shining. We stayed out of ... doors all ... day long. We played ... volley-ball and ... tennis. We returned to ... town late in ... evening. When we came ... home, we had ... supper and went to ... bed at once.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in S_ spring in S summer

in S_ autumn in S winter

Упр, 57. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Look at ... sky. It is covered with ... dark clouds. Let's hurry ... home. 2. It was very pleasant to live in ... country in ... summer. ... weather was fine and it seldom rained. Summer is ... fine sea­son. 3. How lovely ... night is! There are no ... clouds in ... sky and ... air is so fresh, 4. When spring comes, ... sun shines brighter, ... snow melts, ... days become longer. 5. Winter is ... good time for sports. 6. On ... Sunday my friend and I usually go to ... country. We ski, skate, play ... snowballs and have ... very good time. 7. ... fog is so dense that it is difficult to walk. 8. My friend is ... very good chess-player. 9. In ... summer we lived in ... coun­try and went up to ... town by ... train. 10. Tomor­row is ... Sunday. If it is too hot in ... town, we shall go to ... country. And on ... Monday we shall come back.

Упр. 58. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Mr. Jones was ... teacher of ... physics at... school, He was fond of the experimental method in ... phys­ics and often told his pupils to use this method. One day Mr. Jones came to ... school on ... new bicycle. ... bicycle had ... pair of ... pneumatic tyres, which had just been invented, and none of ... pupils had ever seen them. During ... lesson ... teacher took ... pupils into ... school yard and showed them ... new invention. "Now, ... children," he said, "who can tell me what is inside this tyre that makes it so hard and yet so elastic?" ... boys touched ... tyres. "... cotton-wool," said one of them. " ... steel springs," said ... other. "Oh no," said ... teacher, "you are wrong." Suddenly ... little boy, who was standing beside ... bicycle, cried out, looking very happy: "I know what it is! There's ... wind inside." Mr. Jones smiled and said: "You are " "Well, I used ... experimental method," said ... boy: "I stuck ... nail into ... tyre, and some wind came out of it." For ... first time in his life Mr. Jones did not like ... use of ... experimental method.

Упр. 59. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I bought ... new hat yesterday. ... shop-as­sistant said it was ... latest style. 2. I want to ask you to accompany rne to ... shop. I must buy ... dress. 3. Where did you buy this overcoat? - I bought it at ... big store in Nevsky Prospect on ... Tuesday. 4. My sister bought ... blue hat on ... Wednesday. ... colour suits her very nicely as she has got ... blue eyes. 5. I must buy ... pair of ... new gloves. 6. Where is ... shoe department? - It is on ... third floor, 7. I think ... coat is a little tight. 8. We came to ... big store to find out if we could have ... suit made to order. 9. I don't like ... hat you have chosen. ... colour is not becoming to you. 10. Here is ... department of ready-made clothes. Let's go in and see if we can buy ... nice pair of ... trousers for you. 11. I am going to give him ... tie as ... birthday present.

Упр. 60. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

I knew ... man who had travelled very much in his life. He had visited many ... countries in ... east and in ... west. He loved ... children and often told them ... interesting stories. I remember some of... stories which he told me. One of ... stories was about ... adventure he had had in ... London. He was ... young man at that time and was inter­ested in ... history of ... architecture. One day he visited one of ... towers of ... Houses of ... Parlia­ment. He came out on to ... balcony of ... tower and began to look at ... ornaments on ... walls. Then he climbed up on ... roof. Suddenly ... man came running to him and seized him by ... arm. He began shouting something in ... English, but my friend knew only a few words of ... English and did not understand him. ... Englishman called ... policeman. ... fact was that he thought that ... Russian tourist wanted to kill himself by jumping from ... top of ... tower. Later, when everything became clear, they laughed ... lot over it.

Упр. 61. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Everyone in our country knows Lomonosov, ,.. founder of ... first Russian university. 2. Nekras-ov. ... famous Russian poet, described ... life of ... Russian peasants. 3. I don't want to miss ... con­cert which will take place at ... Philharmonic on .,. 15th of ... April. 4. He graduated from ... uni versity six years ago. Now he is ... scientist. And though he is ... young scientist, his name is well known. 5. My aunt is ... teacher of ... physics. 6, Yesterday I read ... book by Dickens, ... famous English writer. 7. I am sorry, I don't know ... way to ... nearest cafe: I am ... stranger here myself. 8. ... town I was born in is on ... Volga. 9. Who is ... author of this book? 10. ... quarter of ... hour was left before ... beginning of ... concert. We entered ... hall and saw ... group of ... pupils of our school. We joined them. 11. During ... vaca­tion I attended some interesting lectures. I remem­ber two of ... lectures best of all. They were about ... Russian music. 12. I am sure he won't stay in ... town for ... vacation. 13. Two weeks are left before ... end of ... school year. ... examinations are coming. On ... first of ... June we shall take ... examination in ... literature. 14. Today is my day off. I am going to spend ... day in ... country. 15. My brother brought ... new book yesterday. When I looked at ... title, I was very glad: it was ... book which I had wanted to get for ... long time. 16. My sister is acquainted with ... actor who played ... leading part in ... play you saw yes­terday. 17. "What ... river is ... longest in ... Eu­rope?" "Why, what... strange question to ask! Any schoolboy can tell you that it is ... Volga." 18. I am afraid you will have ... lot of ... trouble with this business. 19. ... day was not bright yesterday. ... sky was covered with ... clouds.

Упр. 62. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

...English king Richard the Lion Heart was ... tall, strong man. He was very proud of his strength and liked to show ... people how strong he was. Once, as he was riding on ... horseback in ... coun try-side, his horse lost ... shoe. Luckily he was not far from ... village and soon he found ... black­smith. "Give me ... good horseshoe," he said to ... man. ... blacksmith gave ... king ... horseshoe. Richard took it in his hand and broke it in two. "This horseshoe is no good," he said, "give me ... better one." ... blacksmith did not say ... word. He gave ... king ... other horseshoe, but Richard broke it, too. The blacksmith gave him a third shoe. This time Richard was satisfied and ordered ... black-smith to shoe his horse. When ... work was done, Richard offered ... man ... coin. ... blacksmith took ... coin between his fingers and broke it in two. Now it was Richard's turn to be surprised. He took ... larger coin out of his pocket and handed it to ... blacksmith. ... man broke it, too, saying: "This coin is no good, give me ... better one." Richard smiled and gave ... man ... gold coin.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

to go on S_ strike to be on S_ strike

Упр. 63. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Many years ago ... London theatre performed ... play in which there was ... great storm on the sea. In those days ... theatres had no ... machines. That is why ... manager engaged ... several boys to make ... waves of ... sea. They jumped up and down un­der ... big piece of ... sea-green cloth. ... boys re­ceived ... shilling ... night for their work. They worked for ... several weeks. But then ... manager decided to pay them less ... money - only six pence ... night. So ... boys decided to go on .., strike. During ... performance, when ... storm be gan, when ... wind blew and it was raining, ... sea remained calm - there was not ... single wave on it. ... angry manager lifted one corner of ... "sea" and said to ... boys: "Make ... waves, ... boys, make ... waves!" "Do you want ... waves for ... shilling or for sixpence?" asked ... boy in ... loud voice, "Oh, for ... shilling," answered ... manager. ... boys began to jump up and down, and did it so well, that ... storm looked quite real

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

to set S sail

Упр. 64. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In ... fifteenth century ... people knew only three continents: ... Europe, ... Asia and ... Africa. They knew nothing about such ... big continent as ... America. ... man who discovered ... America was born in 1451 in ... Italy. His name was Christopher Columbus. He became ... sailor at ... early age. Knowing that ... earth was round, he decided to reach ... India sailing to ... west. He tried to ar­range ... expedition, but did not have ... money, and nobody wanted to help him. At last ... king of ... Spain gave him ... money for ... expedition. He set ... sail in 1492. ... voyage was very dangerous and difficult. On ... 12th of ... October his ship reached ... land. When they landed, they saw ... strange trees and ... flowers. ... men and ... wom­en with ... olive-coloured skins gathered around ... sailors and looked at them with ... great surpriseColumbus was sure that he had discovered ... new way to ... India. Some time later ... other sailor reached ... America. ... name of ... sailor was Amerigo Vespucci. He understood that it was ... new continent.

Упр. 65. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My brother read to me ... extract from ...book which he had brought ... day before. ... main character of ... book is ... young doctor who went to ... distant village in ... Siberia. 2. ... weather was very bad in ... October. 3. When he came into ... room, he saw ... man sitting on ... sofa. He at once remembered that it was ... man he had seen

at ... theatre ... night before. 4. Yesterday I saw ... film you are speaking about. 5. He took ... taxi and gave ... address to ... driver. 6. Tower Bridge is ... first bridge over ... Thames coming from ... sea. Built in 1894, it is ... suspension-bridge. ... central portion of it can be opened to admit... ships to ... docks in this part of ... river. When ... ship arrives, ... traffic is stopped and ... great bridge opens in ... centre: its two halves go up into ... air and ... ship passes through.

Упр. 66. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... room in which ... boys were fed was ... large stone hall, with ... copper at one end, out of which ... cook took ... gruel which he put into each bowl at ... meal-times. Each boy had one portion of ... gru­el, and no more, and on ... Sundays they had two ounces and ... quarter of ... bread besides. ... bowls never needed washing - ... boys polished them with their spoons till they shone again. At last ... boys got so wild with ... hunger that one boy said he was afraid he would some night eat ... boy who slept. next to him. ... boys believed him. ... council was held. Oliver was chosen to go up to ... cook that evening after ... supper and ask for more. ... evening arrived, and ... boys took their places. ... cook stood at ... copper. ... gruel was served out and disap­peared. Then Oliver rose from ... table and advanc­ing to ... cook, said in ... weak voice: "Please, sir, I? want some more." ... cook was ... healthy man, but he turned pale. "What?" said he in ... trembling voice. ... man could not believe his ears.

Упр. 67. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

... Africa is ... very large continent lying to ... south of ... Europe and to ... south-west of ... Asia to which it is joined by ... Isthmus of Suez. Less than one hundred years ago ... men knew almost nothing of ... middle of ... continent. ... travellers from ... Europe made ... long journeys into ... cen­tre but they met with ... terrible difficulties, for ... continent is covered with ... forests full of ... fearful wild animals. Some travellers died of .., hunger or ... thirst or ... strange illnesses, ... oth­ers were killed by ... lions, still ... others by ... natives; but nevertheless bold men were found ready to go along ... rivers into ... heart of ... Africa. The merchants who came from ... European coun­tries had much to sell, and here were ... millions of ... people ready to buy; here was ... country, ... richness of which was unimaginable.

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

the rest of the...

Упр. 68. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

In the old days it was necessary for all ... parts of ... city to be close together, in order that ... defensive wall might surround it, and ... streets, therefore, were made as narrow as possible. Many ... European cities began with ... walls round them. But in ... America there was little need for ... de­fensive walls, and that's why many ... American cities have been built on ... regular plan, modified a little according to ... natural surroundings, .. streets in ... American cities, instead of having ... names, are numbered, and so when one has once understood ... plan of ... American city, it is very easy to find one's way from one part of it to ... other. ... old part of ... New York lies in ... south­ern half of ... Manhattan Island, and there ... streets are narrow and twisted, as in ... towns of. ... old world. But ... rest of ... streets, with but few ex­ceptions, all run in ... straight lines. There is оле street in ... city, however, that does not follow ... straight line. And that is Broadway, ... New York's most famous street. It starts within sight of ... dancing waters of ... harbour and runs between tall skyscrapers in ... north-western direction. This great street is ... longest in ... world.

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

in a day in a week

in а month in a year

Упр. 69. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

"Is there ... post-office near ... house you live in?""

"Yes, there is. Go t6 ... corner of ... street along which ... trams run. Then turn to ... left and walk ...I short distance down ... street. Do not cross ... street, of course. You will see ... sign over ... door which says "Post-and-Telegraph Office."

"Thank you very much. I am sure I shall find if without ... difficulty. I must buy ... stamps, send ... telegram and ask whether they receive ... par­cels there. I want to send ... parcel to ... old friend, It will be her birthday in ... week. Perhaps you can tell me where I can find ... shop that sells ... nice things that one can give as ... presents?"

"Yes, certainly. There's ... very good shop not' far from here. You can easily walk there in a few minutes. Go straight down ... street that you will see directly in ... front of you when you come out of ... Post-office till you. come to ... wide street along which ... buses and ... trolley-buses run. Then turn to ... left again and almost immediately you will come to ... beautiful shop with ... big windows full of all sorts of ... things. I am sure you will find ... nice presents there."

Запомните следующие застывшие словосочета­ния:

for S_ life a great deal

Упр. 70. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Until near ... end of ... 19th century it was the law in ... England that if ... man was unable to pay ... debt, even ... small one, he could be impris­oned. This imprisonment might very well be for ... life, as it was impossible for ... people in prison to work at their ordinary occupations and so make ... money to repay ... sum they had borrowed. If they had ... friends who could bring them ... materials to work with, they might work with their hands, sewing or making ... boots, for instance.

... great English novelist Charles Dickens knew ... great deal about the debtors' prisons from per­sonal experience, for when he was about ten, his father was imprisoned for debt, and ... whole fam­ily had to go arid live with him in ... prison be­cause they had nowhere else to live. ... mother and ... children, however, could leave ... place when they wished; but at ten o'clock every evening ... great gates were shut for the night, and no one could leave or enter until morning. Dickens de­scribed ... life in the debtors' prisons in some of his novels. It was largely because of Dickens' sharp criticism that ... English Government was finally forced to do away with ... debtors' prisons.

Упр. 71. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо,

At... beginning of ... 19th century ... little boy was born in ... family of John Dickens, ... clerk at ... office in ... Portsmouth, and was named Charles. He had ... sister who was older than himself, arid there were several other children in ... family. When Charles was seven, he was sent to ... school. He was not... strong child. He did not like to play ... crick­et or .. football and spent all his free time reading. In 1821 ... family went to ... London, and little Charles left behind him ... happiest years of his childhood. His father was in ... money difficulties, and ... family became poorer and poorer. ... boy hadto give up his studios. Mr. Dickens was put into ... debtors' prison. Little Charles learned to know all ., horrors and cruelty of ... large capitalist city. He had to go to work at... blacking factory. He worked there from ... morning till ... night. When his fa­ther came out of prison, Charles was sent to ... school for some time. Soon he got work as ... clerk. Then he learned ... stenography and became ... reporter; in Parliament. In 1836 at... age of 24 Charles Dick-1 en? published his first book. It was ... collection of ... stories. ... title of ... book was "Sketches by Boz." There were followed by "Pickwick Papers" and "Ol­iver Twist" and many other famous novels. Charles Dickens is one of ... greatest writers of ... 19th. century. His novels are now translated into most languages of ... world.

Упр.. 72. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

'William Shakespeare, ... greatest English playwright, was born in 1564 in ... Stratford-upon-Avon in ... England. ... Stratford is ... small coun­try town in ... farming district near ... centre of ... England. ... Avon, which is ... pretty river with ... grass and ... trees all along its banks, runs through ... Stratford, Not much is known of ... Shakespeare's father. He was ... farmer who, at... different times of his life, sold ... meat and bought and sold ... wool. He was poor and was often in ... money difficulties. Very little is known about ... life of his only son William also. ... little house in which ... great writer was born still stands. It is now ... museum. William went to ... school in ... Stratford. In 1586 he went to ... London. Probably ... first work he did there was at one of the two theatres that there were in ... London at that time. Then he became ... actor and soon began to write... plays for ... company of actors to which he be­longed. Shakespeare bought... largest house in his home town in 1597, but he did not spend much time there till 1610. He spent ... last years of his life mostly in ... Stratford, but he often visited ... London. He died in 1616.

Упр. 73. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. George Bernard Shaw, ... well-known English playwright, was born in ... Ireland in 1856. He was... son of ... clerk and had to begin working at ... early age. At ... age of twenty he moved to ... London where he became ... journalist.

2.... play "Widowers' Houses" shows ... egoism and hypocrisy of some businessmen who got their profits from ... London slums where ... poorest people lived.

3. While travelling in ..*. Germany Harry Trench, ... young English doctor, got acquainted with Mr. Sartorius, ... respectable-looking gentleman, and his daughter Blanche. ... young people fell in love with each other and were going to get married. Trench knew that Sartorius was rich, but he did not know what ... kind of ... property he had. He learned about it from ... conversation with Lickcheese, Sartorius' rent collector. It turned out that Sartorius was ... owner of some tenement hous­es in the London slums, and that all... property he had was built by getting ... money out of ... poor people who lived there. Trench was greatly shocked. He did not want to take ... money from Blanche's ialher. But Blanche said she could not live on ... small income Trench had. They had ... quarrel, and Trench left ... house. After some time Trench learned that ... land on which Sartorius' houses were built belonged to Trench's aunt and that he himself was living on ... money got in ... same way. Everything comes out "all-right" in ... end: Trench marries Blanche and becomes ... partner in Sartorius' business. The author shows that in ... fact Trench is no better than Sartorius, Lickcheese and the like.

Упр. 74. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

During ... American War of ... Independence, ... commander of ... small unit of soldiers was giv­ing ... orders to his men about ... heavy cannon that they were trying to lift to its place at ... top of some fortifications. It was almost beyond their power to lift ... weight, and ... commander kept shouting ... encouraging words. ... officer, not in uniform, was passing by, and he asked ... com­mander why he did not help ... soldiers. Greatly surprised, ... man turned round and said proudly: "Sir, I am ... corporal!" "Oh, you are, are you?" replied ... officer: "I did not know that. I beg your pardon, Mr. Corporal." Then he got off ... horse he was riding and, taking hold of ... rope that ... men were pulling at, he pulled with all his strength. And when ... cannon was in its place, he turned to ... little great man and said: "Mr. Corporal, when you have ... other job like this and have not enough ... men, send for your commander-in-chief, and I shall gladly come and help you." ... corporal was struck with ... astonishment. ... man who had helped his soldiers was George Washington.

Упр. 75. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

Robert Burns, ... son of ... small farmer in Ayr­shire, was born on ... 25th of ... January, 1759. His parents were poor, so that Burns could not get a good education. He worked hard as ... plough boy. He was fond of reading and always had ... ballad-book before him at ... dinner. After ... death of his father Robert and his brother and sisters took over ... farm together. Working in ... fields Burns wrote many wonderful songs. However, things became so bad on ... farm, that ... poet de­cided to go to ... Jamaica hoping to get ... job on ... plantation there. Luckily some friends helped Burns to publish ... book of poems. ... book was noticed and praised highly. In 1786 Burns went to ... Edinburgh, and his book of poems unlocked ... doors of ... rich Edinburgh houses to a peasant with such a wonderful talent. In 1788 he married Jean Armour and spent... peaceful and happy year. ... rest of his life-story is ... tale of ... poet's hard­ships. ... hard life ruined ... poet's health, and on ... 21st of ... July, 1796 he died at ... age of thir­ty-seven.