Интегрированный урок по английскому языку с химией в 10 классе

Match the headings with the following texts:

1. Eutrophication is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system. One example is the "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased levels of nutrients. Negative environmental effects include hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen in the water, which induces reductions in specific fish and other animal populations.

2. Eutrophication can be human-caused or natural. Untreated sewage effluent and agricultural run-off carrying fertilizers are examples of human-caused eutrophication. However, it also occurs naturally in situations where nutrients accumulate, or where they flow into systems on an ephemeral basis. Phosphorus is often regarded as the main culprit in cases of eutrophication in lakes subjected to "point source" pollution from sewage pipes. The concentration of algae and the trophic state of lakes correspond well to phosphorus levels in water.

3. Eutrophication generally promotes excessive plant growth and decay, favouring simple algae and plankton over other more complicated plants, and causes a severe reduction in water quality. Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for plants to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growth in many freshwater ecosystems. The addition of phosphorus increases algal growth, but not all phosphates actually feed algae. These algae assimilate the other necessary nutrients needed for plants and animals.

4. When algae die they sink to the bottom where they are decomposed and the nutrients contained in organic matter are converted into inorganic form by bacteria. The decomposition process uses oxygen and deprives the deeper waters of oxygen which can kill fish and other organisms. Also the necessary nutrients are all at the bottom of the aquatic ecosystem and if they are not brought up closer to the surface, where there is more available light allowing for photosynthesis for aquatic plants, a serious strain is placed on algae populations.

5. Enhanced growth of aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton and algal blooms disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as a lack of oxygen needed for fish and shellfish to survive. The water becomes cloudy, typically coloured a shade of green, yellow, brown, or red. Eutrophication also decreases the value of rivers, lakes, and estuaries for recreation, fishing, hunting, and aesthetic enjoyment. Health problems can occur where eutrophic conditions interfere with drinking water treatment.

6. Human activities can accelerate the rate at which nutrients enter ecosystems. Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems. Elevated levels of atmospheric compounds of nitrogen can increase nitrogen availability.

1. Water treatment problems

2. The result of eutrophication

3. The growth of the water pollution because of the human activities

4. The causes of eutrophication

5. What is eutrophication?

6. The problems because of the wrong functioning of the ecosystem

7. The process of decomposition

Key:

1. What is eutrophication?

1. Eutrophication is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates, through fertilizers or sewage, to an aquatic system. One example is the "bloom" or great increase of phytoplankton in a water body as a response to increased levels of nutrients. Negative environmental effects include hypoxia, the depletion of oxygen in the water, which induces reductions in specific fish and other animal populations.

2. The causes of eutrophication

2. Eutrophication can be human-caused or natural. Untreated sewage effluent and agricultural run-off carrying fertilizers are examples of human-caused eutrophication. However, it also occurs naturally in situations where nutrients accumulate, or where they flow into systems on an ephemeral basis. Phosphorus is often regarded as the main culprit in cases of eutrophication in lakes subjected to "point source" pollution from sewage pipes. The concentration of algae and the trophic state of lakes correspond well to phosphorus levels in water.

3. The result of eutrophication

3. Eutrophication generally promotes excessive plant growth and decay, favouring simple algae and plankton over other more complicated plants, and causes a severe reduction in water quality. Phosphorus is a necessary nutrient for plants to live, and is the limiting factor for plant growth in many freshwater ecosystems. The addition of phosphorus increases algal growth, but not all phosphates actually feed algae. These algae assimilate the other necessary nutrients needed for plants and animals.

4. The process of decomposition

4. When algae die they sink to the bottom where they are decomposed and the nutrients contained in organic matter are converted into inorganic form by bacteria. The decomposition process uses oxygen and deprives the deeper waters of oxygen which can kill fish and other organisms. Also the necessary nutrients are all at the bottom of the aquatic ecosystem and if they are not brought up closer to the surface, where there is more available light allowing for photosynthesis for aquatic plants, a serious strain is placed on algae populations.

5. The problems because of the wrong functioning of the ecosystem

5. Enhanced growth of aquatic vegetation or phytoplankton and algal blooms disrupts normal functioning of the ecosystem, causing a variety of problems such as a lack of oxygen needed for fish and shellfish to survive. The water becomes cloudy, typically coloured a shade of green, yellow, brown, or red. Eutrophication also decreases the value of rivers, lakes, and estuaries for recreation, fishing, hunting, and aesthetic enjoyment. Health problems can occur where eutrophic conditions interfere with drinking water treatment.

6. The growth of the water pollution because of the human activities

6. Human activities can accelerate the rate at which nutrients enter ecosystems. Runoff from agriculture and development, pollution from septic systems and sewers, and other human-related activities increase the flow of both inorganic nutrients and organic substances into ecosystems. Elevated levels of atmospheric compounds of nitrogen can increase nitrogen availability.

7. Water treatment problems

1

sewage

сточные воды; нечистоты

21

impact

удар, толчок; сотрясение; импульс

2

as a response to

в ответ

22

dominance

господство; влияние; преобладание

3

nutrient

питательное вещество; питательный

23

toxicity

токсичность

4

depletion

уменьшение, истощение (ресурсов)

24

inedible

несъедобный

5

induce

побуждать, склонять, убеждать

25

benthic

обитающий на дне

6

reduction

снижение, понижение, сокращение, уменьшение, спад

26

biodiversity

биоразнообразие, биологическое разнообразие

7

untreated sewage

сточные воды, не прошедшие очистку

27

turbidity

мутность

8

run-off

избыток воды, поток, потоп

28

transparency

прозрачность (способность пропускать свет)

9

fertilizer

удобрение; удобритель

29

dissolved

растворенный

10

ephemeral

длящийся один день, однодневный

30

incidence

сфера действия, охват; степень; процент, доля

11

culprit

обвиняемый

31

reversal

полное изменение; полная перестановка; инверсия

12

algae

водоросли

32

prevention

предотвращение, предохранение, предупреждение

13

excessive

непомерный, чрезвычайный

33

sediment

отстоявшийся слой, осадок

14

decay

гниение (органических веществ)

34

15

convert

преобразовывать; превращать

35

16

deprive

отбирать, отнимать, лишать (чего-л.)

36

17

strain

натяжение; растяжение

37

18

disrupt

натяжение; растяжение

38

19

shellfish

моллюск; ракообразное

39

20

estuaries

устье реки; эстуарий, дельта

40